“…Although the importance of possessing internationalization through global perspectives had been highlighted by previous works (Warner, 2017;Medora et al, 2020), the term "global perspective" is often considered as an alternative learning outcome of a program rather than an independent learning task (Smith and Yang, 2017) to be achieved by students. Furthermore, most studies conducted about the promotion of global perspectives mainly focused on the teacher-led internationalization activities, such as Education Abroad Program (Hudson and Tomás-Morgan, 2019), video conferencing (Greenwood, Honey, and Clancy, 2016), or university culture (Shephard, Bourk, Mirosa, and Dulgar, 2016), and did not address how students acquired their global perspectives through self-directed learning.…”