Gadolinium-DTPA enhanced gradient echo magnetic resonance scans in first episode of psychosis and chronic schizophrenic patients

Szymanski, S.; Ashtari, Manzar; Zito, Joseph; Degreef, Gustav; Bogerts, Bernhard; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.1016/0925-4927(91)90011-e

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Gadolinium-enhanced MRI occasionally demonstrates such breakdown in the limbic regions associated with emotional processing in patients with psychiatric disorders attributable to paraneoplastic or other encephalitides [107,109,113]. To our knowledge, however, abnormal enhancement has never been demonstrated in any classical psychiatric disorder [21,214,232], despite functional [214,216] and ultrastructural BBB abnormalities [60]. …”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation and psychiatric illness

Najjar

Pearlman

Alper

et al. 2013

J Neuroinflammation

591

473

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Multiple lines of evidence support the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric illness. While systemic autoimmune diseases are well-documented causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, synaptic autoimmune encephalitides with psychotic symptoms often go under-recognized. Parallel to the link between psychiatric symptoms and autoimmunity in autoimmune diseases, neuroimmunological abnormalities occur in classical psychiatric disorders (for example, major depressive, bipolar, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorders). Investigations into the pathophysiology of these conditions traditionally stressed dysregulation of the glutamatergic and monoaminergic systems, but the mechanisms causing these neurotransmitter abnormalities remained elusive. We review the link between autoimmunity and neuropsychiatric disorders, and the human and experimental evidence supporting the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in selected classical psychiatric disorders. Understanding how psychosocial, genetic, immunological and neurotransmitter systems interact can reveal pathogenic clues and help target new preventive and symptomatic therapies.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation and psychiatric illness

Najjar

Pearlman

Alper

et al. 2013

J Neuroinflammation

591

473

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“…Gd enhanced T 1 weighted images have been used to detect severe neuroinflammatory pathologies such as active lesions in MS (Gonzalez-Scarano et al, 1987; Grossman et al, 1986), and in brain tumors (Claussen et al, 1985), but these images may not detect subtle neuroinflammatory processes in which the BBB does not leak (Rausch et al, 2003). In one study of schizophrenia that investigated Gd enhanced T1, there were no group differences when comparing patients with controls (Szymanski et al, 1991), suggesting that a severe neuroinflammatory response may not be extant in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Identifying Neuroinflammation With Anatomical Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo imaging of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia

Pasternak

Kubicki

Shenton

2016

Schizophrenia Research

128

119

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In recent years evidence has accumulated to suggest that neuroinflammation might be an early pathology of schizophrenia that later leads to neurodegeneration, yet the exact role in the etiology, as well as the source of neuroinflammation, are still not known. The hypothesis of neuroinflammation involvement in schizophrenia is quickly gaining popularity, and thus it is imperative that we have reliable and reproducible tools and measures that are both sensitive, and, most importantly, specific to neuroinflammation. The development and use of appropriate human in vivo imaging methods can help in our understanding of the location and extent of neuroinflammation in different stages of the disorder, its natural time-course, and its relation to neurodegeneration. Thus far, there is little in vivo evidence derived from neuroimaging methods. This is likely the case because the methods that are specific and sensitive to neuroinflammation are relatively new or only just being developed. This paper provides a methodological review of both existing and emerging positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques that identify and characterize neuroinflammation. We describe how these methods have been used in schizophrenia research. We also outline the shortcomings of existing methods, and we highlight promising future techniques that will likely improve state-of-the-art neuroimaging as a more refined approach for investigating neuroinflammation in schizophrenia.

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