Gadolinium dosimetry, a problematic issue in the neutron capture therapy. Comparison between experiments and computational simulations.

Bufalino, D.; Cerullo, N.; Colli, V.; Gambarini, G.; Rosi, G.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/41/1/019

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Additional benefits can be seen in the secondary radiations Gd can produce upon neutron interactions. These secondary radiations span photoelectrons, capture gamma rays, X-ray emissions, conversion electrons and Auger electrons which can then be reabsorbed by the Gd to create a cascading effect of further radiations [ 67 , 77 ]. This approach may make the tumor more immunogenic.…”

Section: Perspective Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Radiotherapy Biomaterials for Image-Guided In Situ Cancer Vaccination

Ainsworth,

Moreau,

Guthier

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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Recent studies have highlighted the potential of smart radiotherapy biomaterials (SRBs) for combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy. These SRBs include smart fiducial markers and smart nanoparticles made with high atomic number materials that can provide requisite image contrast during radiotherapy, increase tumor immunogenicity, and provide sustained local delivery of immunotherapy. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in this area of research, the challenges and opportunities, with a focus on in situ vaccination to expand the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of both local and metastatic disease. A roadmap for clinical translation is outlined with a focus on specific cancers where such an approach is readily translatable or will have the highest impact. The potential of FLASH radiotherapy to synergize with SRBs is discussed including prospects for using SRBs in place of currently used inert radiotherapy biomaterials such as fiducial markers, or spacers. While the bulk of this review focuses on the last decade, in some cases, relevant foundational work extends as far back as the last two and half decades.

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Section: Perspective Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Radiotherapy Biomaterials for Image-Guided In Situ Cancer Vaccination

Ainsworth,

Moreau,

Guthier

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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“…In Table 3 Horizontal section of high-flux advanced neutron application reactor (HANARO) with description of the positions of instruments, tubes, and holes: PTS -pneumatic transfer system for neutron activation, IP -radioisotope production, OR -capsule irradiation and radioisotope production, IR -ex-core neutron irradiation facility for BNCT and dynamic neutron radiography, CT -capsule irradiation and radioisotope production, HTS -hydraulic transfer system for radioisotope production, NTD1 and NTD2 -neutron transmutation doping of silicon, LH -large hole, CNS -cold neutron source, NR -neutron radiography facility, ST1 -prompt gamma activation analysis, NAA#1-3 -neutron activation analysis, CN -cold neutron guide, ST2 -high-resolution power diffractometer, ST3 -bio diffractometer, high-intensity powder diffractometer, ST4 -triple axis spectrometer. relax to their ground states by emitting Auger electrons and characteristic X-rays (see [35]). The characteristic length L of neutrons in gadolinium is defined by the following formula:…”

Section: Gd Neutron Capture Reaction Energy Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal neutron flux monitors based on vibrating wire

Arutunian

Bergoz

Chung

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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a b s t r a c tTwo types of neutron monitors with fine spatial resolutions are proposed based on vibrating wires. In the first type, neutrons interact with a vibrating wire, heat it, and lead to the change of its natural frequency, which can be precisely measured. To increase the heat deposition during the neutron scattering, the use of gadolinium layer that has the highest thermal neutron capture cross-section among all elements is proposed. The second type uses the vibrating wire as a "resonant target." Besides the measurement of beam profile according to the average signal, the differential signal synchronized with the wire oscillations defines the beam profile gradient. The monitor's spatial resolution is defined by the wire's diameter.

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“…Isotopes of gadolinium display several unique physical properties, which lead to numerous applications . As an example, 155 Gd and 157 Gd have large absorption cross-section for thermal neutrons thus making them effective in controlling nuclear reactors. − In this vein, changes of gadolinium isotopic composition are used to monitor the nuclear fuel during fission reactions. , Gadolinium isotopes also have applications in geoscience because variations of 156 Gd/ 155 Gd and 158 Gd/ 157 Gd isotope amount ratios can be used to study thermal neutron capture , or the interaction of cosmic rays with planetary materials. ,− Owing to its magnetic properties, gadolinium finds widespread use in neutron capture therapy (Gd-NCT) for cancer treatment − and as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). − Given that the applications of gadolinium are isotope-specific, analysis of gadolinium isotope ratios are crucial in medical applications . Moreover, with the increased use of Gd-based materials in nuclear industry, medicine, and technology, gadolinium has emerged as a contaminant of aquatic environments which will place even greater demands for its analysis. − …”

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confidence: 99%

“…20−23 Given that the applications of gadolinium are isotope-specific, analysis of gadolinium isotope ratios are crucial in medical applications. 24 Moreover, with the increased use of Gd-based materials in nuclear industry, medicine, and technology, gadolinium has emerged as a contaminant of aquatic environments which will place even greater demands for its analysis. 25−27 Despite its importance, gadolinium remains one of the few elements whose isotopic composition has received little attention.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Isotopic Composition of Gadolinium Using Multicollector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Yang

Hou

et al. 2020

Anal. Chem.

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In this study, we report independent measurements of all stable isotope ratios of gadolinium. Our study employs multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) with National Research Council Canada (NRC) HALF-1 isotopic hafnium standard as a primary calibrator and surveys four commercial gadolinium materials, including a NRC candidate isotopic reference material, GADS-1. The isotopic composition of gadolinium is determined using the regression model without reliance on conventional normalizing isotope ratios or mass-dependent isotope ratio correction models. In this work, all gadolinium isotope ratios were obtained from 160 Gd/ 158 Gd which, in turn, was measured from hafnium 178 Hf/ 177 Hf either directly or indirectly through 167 Er/ 166 Er. The latter approach was used for the final determination of gadolinium isotopic composition, as it provides smaller combined uncertainty. We report high-precision measurements of the isotopic composition of gadolinium, which support a revised standard atomic weight. Isotope amount ratios of R 152/158 = 0.008 20(2) k=1 , R 154/158 = 0.087 98(12) k=1 , R 155/158 = 0.596 81(63) k=1 , R 156/158 = 0.825 08(57) k=1 , R 157/158 = 0.630 60(22) k=1 , and R 160/158 = 0.879 10(60) k=1 , and the atomic weight of A r (Gd) = 157.2502(6) k=1 were obtained for gadolinium in GADS-1.

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Gadolinium dosimetry, a problematic issue in the neutron capture therapy. Comparison between experiments and computational simulations.

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Smart Radiotherapy Biomaterials for Image-Guided In Situ Cancer Vaccination

Smart Radiotherapy Biomaterials for Image-Guided In Situ Cancer Vaccination

Thermal neutron flux monitors based on vibrating wire

Determination of the Isotopic Composition of Gadolinium Using Multicollector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

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