“…As proposed above, more evolved residual magmas stored in the subaxial crystal mush zone following the 1991 eruption likely incrementally replenished the AMC over a decadal period (Figure 9), leading to crustal dilation, magmatic overpressurization, and eventual eruption in mid-2005. Such a filter-pressing or synkinematic differentiation model [e.g., Natland and Dick, 2001;Gao et al, 2007], where the weight of settling crystals within the mush zone results in the expulsion/squeezing of fractionated liquids into the base of the AMC, has been proposed for layered mafic intrusions [McBirney, 1995;Tegner et al, 2009], MOR [MacLeod et al, 1996;Faure and Schianoa, 2004], and lava lakes in Hawaii [Wright and Okamura, 1977]. [45] In addition to AMC overpressure, we propose that extensional forces, both local and external to the local ridge axis, facilitated the eruption.…”