GABAergic neurons containing somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus

Kosaka, Toshio; Wu, Jang‐Yen; Benoit, Robert

doi:10.1007/bf00247498

Cited by 207 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2b, arrow) also coincide with those of O-LM cells. Numerous studies have shown that all O-LM cells express the neuropeptide SOM and that SOM expression in the hippocampus defines a subset of GABAergic interneurons (Köhler and ChanPalay, 1982;Morrison et al, 1982;Johansson et al, 1984;Sloviter and Nilaver, 1987;Kosaka et al, 1988;Kunkel and Schwartzkroin, 1988;Milner and Bacon, 1989;Esclapez and Houser, 1995). As illustrated in Figure 3d-l, fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed a striking overlap between EGFP-and SOM-expressing interneurons of the hippocampus.…”

Section: Hippocampal Egfp-expressing Cells Are Somatostatinexpressingmentioning

confidence: 76%

Novel Hippocampal Interneuronal Subtypes Identified Using Transgenic Mice That Express Green Fluorescent Protein in GABAergic Interneurons

Oliva¹,

et al. 2000

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The chief inhibitory neurons of the mammalian brain, GABAergic neurons, are comprised of a myriad of diverse neuronal subtypes. To facilitate the study of these neurons, transgenic mice were generated that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in subpopulations of GABAergic neurons. In one of the resulting transgenic lines, called GIN (GFP-expressing Inhibitory Neurons), EGFP was found to be expressed in a subpopulation of somatostatin-containing GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus and neocortex. In both live and fixed brain preparations from these mice, detailed microanatomical features of EGFP-expressing interneurons were readily observed. In stratum oriens of the hippocampus, EGFPexpressing interneurons were comprised almost exclusively of oriens/alveus interneurons with lacunosum-moleculare axon arborization (O-LM cells). In the neocortex, the somata of EGFP-expressing interneurons were largely restricted to layers II-IV and upper layer V.In hippocampal area CA1, two previously uncharacterized subtypes of interneurons were identified using the GIN mice: stratum pyramidale interneurons with lacunosum-moleculare axon arborization (P-LM cells) and stratum radiatum interneurons with lacunosum-moleculare axon arborization (R-LM cells). These newly identified interneuronal subtypes appeared to be closely related to O-LM cell, as they selectively innervate stratum lacunosum-moleculare. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that these cells were fast-spiking and showed virtually no spike frequency accommodation. The microanatomical features of these cells suggest that they function primarily as "input-biasing" neurons, in that synaptic volleys in stratum radiatum would lead to their activation, which in turn would result in selective suppression of excitatory input from the entorhinal cortex onto CA1 pyramidal cells.

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Section: Hippocampal Egfp-expressing Cells Are Somatostatinexpressingmentioning

confidence: 76%

Novel Hippocampal Interneuronal Subtypes Identified Using Transgenic Mice That Express Green Fluorescent Protein in GABAergic Interneurons

Oliva¹,

et al. 2000

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“…In the hippocampus, somatostatin is produced in a variety of inhibitory neurons including hilar interneurons, bistratified cells, and O-LM interneurons in the Ammon´s horn [24]. Somatostatin cells in the hilus make up to 16% of total inhibitory interneurons in the dentate gyrus [31]. The terminals of these cells are in the outer molecular layer and presumably affect perforant path excitatory synapses [32].…”

Section: Somatostatinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptors of Peptides as Therapeutic Targets in Epilepsy Research

Dobolyi¹,

Kékesi²,

Juhász³

et al. 2014

CMC

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Neuropeptides are signaling molecules participating in the modulation of synaptic transmission. Neuropeptides are stored in dense core synaptic vesicles, the release of which requires profound excitation. Only in the extracellular space, neuropeptides act on G-protein coupled receptors to exert a relatively slow action both pre-and postsynaptically. Consequently, neuropeptide modulators are ideal candidates to influence epileptic tissue overexcited during seizures. Indeed, a number of neuropeptides have been implicated in epilepsy and many of them are considered to have endogenous neuroprotective actions. Neuropeptides, present in the hippocampus, the most frequent focus of seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy, received the largest attention as potential anti-epileptic substances. Hippocampal neuropeptides, somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, galanin, dynorphin, enkephalin, substance P, cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and some neuropeptides, which are also hormones such as ghrelin, angiotensins, corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin and vasopressin involved in epilepsy are discussed in the review article. Oral application of neuropeptides as drugs is typically not efficient because of low bioavailability: rapid degradation and insufficient penetration through the blood-brain barrier. Recent progress in the development of non-peptide agonists and antagonists of neuropeptide receptors as well as gene therapeutic approaches leading to the local production of neuropeptides within the central nervous system will also be discussed.

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“…CST, that interacts with SST receptors, is not robustly expressed in hilus in young adult rodents (de Lecea et al, 1996), however in immature and aged rodents its expression is more robust (de Lecea et al, 1997;Winsky-Sommerer et al, 2004). SST interneurons represent about 16% of the total GAD-expressing (GABAergic) neurons in the dentate region (Kosaka et al, 1988), and have axons that terminate on the distal dendrites of granule cells in the outer molecular layer, accounting for the thick plexus of SST immunoreactivity in this region in humans and rats (Amaral et al, 1988;Austin and Buckmaster, 2004;Csaba et al, 2005;Leranth et al, 1990;Milner and Bacon, 1989). Interestingly, SST terminals on granule cell dendrites are often closely apposed by SSTnegative asymmetric (excitatory terminals), presumably perforant path synapes (Leranth et al, 1990;Milner and Bacon, 1989).…”

Section: Seizures Induce the Loss Of Sst-containing Interneurons In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatostatin: An endogenous antiepileptic

Tallent

Qiu

2008

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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The neuropeptide somatostatin is highly expressed in brain regions associated with seizures. In hippocampus, SST expression and release is regulated by seizures, and SST-containing neurons within the hilus of the dentate gyrus are sensitive to seizure-induced death. In vivo and in vitro studies suggest that the loss of SST function in the dentate could contribute to epileptogenesis and seizure susceptibility. SST also has inhibitory actions in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampus, indicating this peptide is an important homeostatic regulator throughout the hippocampus. In vivo studies show SST has robust antiepileptic properties, with the major site of action being hippocampus. In rodents, somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SST 2 ) and SST 4 appear to mediate the majority of the antiepileptic actions of SST, with SST 2 predominate in rat and SST 4 in mouse. Thus SST receptors may be appropriate targets for new antiepileptic drugs, although validation in human tissue is lacking.

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GABAergic neurons containing somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus

Cited by 207 publications

References 23 publications

Novel Hippocampal Interneuronal Subtypes Identified Using Transgenic Mice That Express Green Fluorescent Protein in GABAergic Interneurons

Novel Hippocampal Interneuronal Subtypes Identified Using Transgenic Mice That Express Green Fluorescent Protein in GABAergic Interneurons

Receptors of Peptides as Therapeutic Targets in Epilepsy Research

Somatostatin: An endogenous antiepileptic

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