GABA-like immunoreactivity in a common inhibitory neuron of the antennal motor system of crickets

Honegger, Hans‐Willi; Brunninger, Beate; Bräunig, Peter; Elekes, Károly

doi:10.1007/bf00318637

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Considering the absence of appendages (except genitalia and cerci in the most posterior segments), and the fact that almost all insect inhibitory motor neurones described so far subserve the control of appendicular musculature, one might have expected the absence of inhibitory muscle innervation in the abdomen (see Introduction). Walking legs , antennae (Honegger et al, 1990), and even crustacean mandibles (Ferrero and Wales, 1976) are all supplied by common inhibitory motor neurones. Whether there is a similar inhibitory supply of body wall muscles was as yet unknown, except for a few cursory reports for locust (Yang and Burrows, 1983;Bräunig, 1993;Bräunig et al, 2002;Schmäh et al, 2001;Schmäh and Wolf, 2002), cricket and bushcricket (Consoulas and Theophilidis, 1992;Consoulas et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory motor neurones supply body wall muscles in the locust abdomen

Schmäh

Wolf

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Inhibitory motor neurones in the abdominal ganglia of the locust Locusta migratoria were identified by combining extra- and intracellular electrophysiology, labelling of motor neurones by peripheral nerve backfills, and immunocytochemistry directed against the inhibitory transmitter γ-aminobutyric acid. The fifth and sixth abdominal ganglia were studied in particular detail, although general findings were verified in all other abdominal segments. In each abdominal ganglion half, there are two inhibitory motor neurones,CIa and CIb, which supply dorsal (CIa) and ventral (CIb) longitudinal muscles. Their cell bodies are located in the next anterior ganglion to where the axons leave the ventral nerve cord via nerve 1. Both inhibitors have contralateral somata in the posterior ventral soma cortex, looping primary neurites and bilateral dorsal arborisations. There are homonomous (segmentally homologous) motor neurones in the fused abdominal neuromeres, the thoracic ganglia, and at least the third subesophageal neuromere. These body wall inhibitors are distinctly different from the limb muscle inhibitors, CI1-3, described previously. This is signified, for example, by the fact that both types of inhibitory motor neurones coexist in the prothoracic segment and innervate leg and body wall muscles,respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory motor neurones supply body wall muscles in the locust abdomen

Schmäh

Wolf

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…GABA-like immunoreactivity (GLI) is found in the central nervous system (CNS) of many insects, including cockroaches (Fuller et al, 1989), crickets (Honegger et al, 1990), grasshoppers (Watson, 1986), honeybees (Schafer and Bicker, 1986), moths (Hoskins et al, 1986;Homberg et al, 1987;Witten and Truman, 1991a), blowflies (Datum et al, 1986), and houseflies (Meyer et al, 1986). It functions as an inhibitory transmitter in common inhibitory motoneurons (Usherwood and Grundfest, 1965;Emson et al, 1974;Usherwood and Cull-Dandy 1975), specific subpopulations of spiking local interneurons (Burrows and Siegler, 1982;Siegler and Burrows, 1984;Watson and Burrows, 1987;Thompson and Siegler, 1991), and intersegmental interneurons (Laurent, 1987;Laurent and Burrows, 1988;Thompson and Siegler, 1991) in the grasshopper.…”

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confidence: 98%

Distribution of GABA-like immunoreactive neurons in insects suggests lineage homology

Witten

Truman

1998

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates and invertebrates (Sattelle [1990] Adv. Insect Physiol. 22:1-113). The GABA phenotype is lineally determined in postembryonic neurons in the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta (Witten and Truman, [1991] J. Neurosci. 11:1980-1989) and is restricted to six identifiable postembryonic lineages in the moth's thoracic hemiganglia. We used a comparative approach to determine whether this distinct clustering of GABAergic neurons is conserved in Insecta. In the nine orders of insects surveyed (Thysanura, Odonata, Orthoptera, Isoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera), GABA-like immunoreactive neurons within a thoracic hemiganglion were clustered into six distinct groups that occupied positions similar to the six postembryonic lineages in Manduca. On the basis of cell body position and axon trajectories, we suggest that these are indeed homologous lineage groups and that the lineal origins of the GABAergic cells have been very conservative through insect evolution. The distinctive clustering of GABA-positive cells is shared with crustaceans (Mulloney and Hall [1990] J. Comp. Neurol. 291:383-394; Homberg et al. [1993] Cell Tissue Res. 271:279-288) but is not found in the centipede Lithobius forficulatus. There is a two- to threefold increase in numbers of thoracic neurons between the flightless Thysanura and the most advanced orders of insects. Using the GABA clusters as indicators of specific lineages, we find that only selected lineages have significantly contributed to this increase in neuronal numbers.

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“…Thus, both the M and L units were combined together, and the time series of the multi-spike frequencies were calculated at 0.1s intervals with the use of the Spike2 software (CED; Cambridge, UK). However, with this method, the concern that the selected spikes were derived not only from the excitatory motoneurons but also the common inhibitor (CI) neurons or the dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons still existed (cf., Honegger et al 1990aHonegger et al , 1990bBräunig et al 1990;Allgäuer and Honegger 1993). We therefore excluded small spike units recorded simultaneously in multiple channels from the present analyses because they were possibly from the CI neurons.…”

Section: In Vitro Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, it is known that all or a part of unilateral antennal muscles may receive inhibitory innervation from the single CI neuron (cf. Honegger et al 1990aHonegger et al , 1990bBauer and Gewecke 1991;Dürr et al 2001;Baba and Comer 2008).…”

Section: Antennal Motor Outputs Induced By Pilocarpine In In Vitro Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antennal motor activity induced by pilocarpine in the American cockroach

2009

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Abbreviations: AM, antennal muscle; AMNv, antennal motor nerve; AbS, abductor of the scape; AdS, adductor of the scape; LS, levator of the scape; LP, levator of the pedicel; DP, depressor of the pedicel; CI, correlation index; CPG, central pattern generator; IC, injected drug concentration; FC, final drug concentration 2 AbstractThe antennal motor system was activated by the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana, and its output patterns were examined both in restrained intact animals and in isolated CNS preparations. The 3-D antennal movements induced by the hemocoelic drug injection were analyzed in in vivo preparations. Pilocarpine effectively induced prolonged rhythmic movements of both antennae. The antennae tended to describe a spatially patterned trajectory, forming loops or the symbol of infinity (∞). Such spatial regularity is comparable to that during spontaneous tethered-walking. Rhythmic bursting activities of the antennal motor nerves in in vitro preparations were also elicited by bath application of pilocarpine.Cross-correlation analyses of the bursting spike activities revealed significant couplings among certain motor units, implying the spatial regularity of the antennal trajectory. The pilocarpine-induced rhythmic activity of antennal motor nerves was effectively suppressed by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. These results indicate that the activation of the antennal motor system is mediated by muscarinic receptors.

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GABA-like immunoreactivity in a common inhibitory neuron of the antennal motor system of crickets

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Inhibitory motor neurones supply body wall muscles in the locust abdomen

Inhibitory motor neurones supply body wall muscles in the locust abdomen

Distribution of GABA-like immunoreactive neurons in insects suggests lineage homology

Antennal motor activity induced by pilocarpine in the American cockroach

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