GABA in the entopeduncular nucleus and the subthalamic nucleus participates in mediating dopaminergic striatal output functions

Scheel-Krüger, Jørgen; Magelund, G.

doi:10.1016/0024-3205(81)90256-3

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with Scheel- Kruger and Magelund's (1981) description of the behavioral response to muscimol in the STN of Wistar rats. However, because neither quantification of behavior nor time course and site specificity of the drug effects were presented, it is difficult to compare their results to ours or to assess the extent to which drug action in SNpr may have contributed to their observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Previous studies in which GABA antagonists (bicuculline and picrotoxin) have been applied to rat STN have described symptoms resembling seizure manifestations after relatively high doses (Scheel- Kruger and Magelund, 1981;Feger et al, 1989). These symptoms include forelimb clonus, myoclonic jerks, jumping, and hypersalivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seizure manifestations evoked by disinhibition in the vicinity of STN in the rat have been interpreted as dyskinesias (Crossman et al, 1983;Feger et al, 1989). However, when STN was injected with lower doses of bicuculline or picrotoxin, which are sufficient to produce ipsilaterally directed postural asymmetry without seizure activity, no abnormal movements were manifest (Scheel- Kruger and Magelund, 1981; our unpublished observations). Thus it is likely that STN or an adjacent structure is capable of generating seizure activity upon removal of GABA inhibition in the rat, and that this effect is independent of effects on movement and posture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postural and Anticonvulsant Effects of Inhibition of the Rat Subthalamic Nucleus

2000

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The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a crucial role as a regulator of basal ganglia outflow by providing excitatory glutamatergic input into the two output nuclei of the basal ganglia, substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr), and entopeduncular nucleus. This study examined the effects of suppressing activity in the STN of the awake, behaving rat. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of unilateral and bilateral focal inhibition of STN on posture, locomotion, and susceptibility to limbic motor seizures.Unilateral microinjection of a GABA A receptor agonist (muscimol, 200 pmol) into STN produced a site-dependent contralaterally directed postural asymmetry without locomotor activation. This effect differed from responses produced by the same dose of muscimol placed into SNpr, which included locomotor activation in addition to contralaterally directed postural asymmetry. Locomotor activation and postural asymmetry were obtained also after blockade of glutamate transmission in SNpr by the unilateral application of kynurenate (100 nmol). Our observation that STN inhibition did not induce the locomotor activation characteristic of SNpr inhibition suggests that there are glutamatergic inputs to SNpr, other than those from STN, that are responsible for controlling locomotion.Bilateral, but not unilateral, injection of muscimol (200 pmol) into STN protected against limbic motor seizures evoked either by intravenous bicuculline or by focal application of bicuculline into anterior piriform cortex (area tempestas). These results demonstrate that focal inhibition of STN reproduces the postural asymmetry and anticonvulsant actions that are obtained with the inhibition of SNpr. This provides behavioral support for the concept that STN contributes a crucial tonic excitatory (glutamatergic) drive to the rat SNpr.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postural and Anticonvulsant Effects of Inhibition of the Rat Subthalamic Nucleus

2000

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“…EP, Entopeduncular nucleus; GPe, globus pallidus; SNr, substantia nigra pars reticulata; STN, subthalamic nucleus. resembling seizure manifestations (Scheel-Kruger and Magelund, 1981;Féger et al, 1989;Dybdal and Gale, 2000), which have been interpreted as dyskinesias (Crossman et al, 1984;Féger et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Consequences of Bicuculline Injection in the Subthalamic Nucleus and the Zona Incerta in Rat

et al. 2002

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The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a crucial role in basal ganglia functions and has been shown to be hyperactive in parkinsonian syndromes. The zona incerta (ZI), located dorsally to the STN, is also reported to be overactive after nigrostriatal denervation. In this study, we examined the behavioral consequences of an increased activity of the STN or the ZI in awake, freely moving rats. Unilateral microinjections of a GABA(A) receptor antagonist (bicuculline; 25, 50, and 100 microg/microl) were performed in the STN or in the ZI of rats, and locomotor activity, spontaneous behaviors, and the occurrence of abnormal movements were quantified. Microinjection of bicuculline (50 and 100 microg/microl) into the STN did not modify spontaneous locomotor activity, whereas it induced an increase in locomotion when injected into the ZI. Furthermore, when injected into the STN or ZI, these same doses of bicuculline produced changes in spontaneous behaviors (sniffing and grooming decreased whereas chewing and rearing increased) and the appearance of abnormal movements directed contralaterally to the injection side. Application of a lower dose of bicuculline (25 ng/microl) in the STN or ZI did not modify behavior. This study suggests that the subthalamic region including the ZI, and not the STN per se, might be involved in the induction of abnormal movements. In addition, these data suggest that the hyperactivity of neurons in this region may have different consequences in the normal state and in the pathological state.

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“…The dorsal striatal sites have all been implicated in the expression of amphetamine-induced stereotyped movements. For example, bilateral infusions of muscimol, a GABA agonist, into the entopeduncular nucleus or subthalamic nucleus induce stereotyped sniffing, head scanning and gnawing that is indistinguishable from that induced by systemic injections of amphetamine [51]. Similarly, infusion of muscimol into the pedunculopontine nucleus blocks stereotyped sniffing and head scanning movements elicited by systemic injections of amphetamine, cocaine and apomorphine [5,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of c-fos mRNA in the basal ganglia associated with contingent tolerance to amphetamine-induced hypophagia

Bachand

Guthrie

Wolgin

2009

Behavioural Brain Research

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Tolerance to the hypophagic effect of psychostimulants is contingent on having access to food while intoxicated. Rats given chronic injections of such drugs with access to food learn to suppress stereotyped movements, which interfere with feeding. In contrast, controls given the drug after food access do not learn to suppress stereotypy and, therefore, do not become tolerant. To determine the role of the basal ganglia in this phenomenon, we used in situ hybridization to measure the expression of c-fos mRNA, a marker for neural activation, in the brains of tolerant and nontolerant rats. Rats given chronic amphetamine injections prior to food access learned to suppress stereotyped movements, whereas yoked controls given the drug after feeding did not. Following an acute injection of amphetamine, both of these groups had higher levels of c-fos mRNA than saline-treated controls throughout the striatum, in the nucleus accumbens core, the ventral pallidum and layers V-VI of the motor cortex. In contrast, tolerant rats, which had learned to suppress stereotypy, had higher levels of c-fos mRNA than both amphetamine-and saline-treated controls in the entopeduncular nucleus, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, pedunculopontine nucleus, nucleus accumbens shell, olfactory tubercle, somatosensory cortex, and layers II-IV of motor cortex. These data suggest that the learned suppression of amphetamine-induced stereotypy involves the activation of dorsal striatal pathways previously implicated in response selection as well as the ventral striatum, long implicated in appetitive motivation and reinforcement.

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GABA in the entopeduncular nucleus and the subthalamic nucleus participates in mediating dopaminergic striatal output functions

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

Postural and Anticonvulsant Effects of Inhibition of the Rat Subthalamic Nucleus

Postural and Anticonvulsant Effects of Inhibition of the Rat Subthalamic Nucleus

Behavioral Consequences of Bicuculline Injection in the Subthalamic Nucleus and the Zona Incerta in Rat

Expression of c-fos mRNA in the basal ganglia associated with contingent tolerance to amphetamine-induced hypophagia

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