GABA-immunoreactivity in ganglion cells of the rat retina

Caruso, Daniel M.; Owczarzak, Michael T.; Goebel, Dennis J.; Hazlett, James C.; Pourcho, Roberta G.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91544-8

Cited by 74 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Nonetheless, already before designing our experiments with pair patch-clamp recording we could regard Glu as a strong candidate for the role of RGN transmitter (Liou et al, 1986;Cnmelli et al, 1987;Cahill and Menaker, 1989;Sakurai et al, 1990;Roberts et al, 1991;Hestrin, 1992;Caste1 et al, 1993). In addition, a Glu containing peptide NAAG (Anderson et al, 1987) and the inhibitory amino acid GABA (Redburn and The Journal of Neuroscience, March 1995, 15(3) 2251 Madtes, 1986;Yu et al, 1988;Caruso et al, 1989;Lugo-Garcia and Blanco, 1991) were considered to mediate fast synaptic transmission from RGNs in the rodent retina. We concluded that the transmitter released from RGN terminals is Glu because low concentrations of AMPA/kainate receptor blocker DNQX completely abolished the postsynaptic response and the time course of evoked EPSC was strikingly similar to that of other glutamatergic synapses (see Scheggenburger, 1992, for references).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Several types of Ca2+ channels mediate glutamatergic synaptic responses to activation of single Thy-1-immunolabeled rat retinal ganglion neurons

Taschenberger

Grantyn

1995

J. Neurosci.

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A dissociated cell culture from the postnatal rat retina was established to characterize the synapses formed by retinal ganglion neurons (RGNs) in vitro. An antibody against Thy-1.1 was used to preselect putative RGNs for pair patch-clamp recording with the principal aim of identifying the released transmitter(s) and estimating the role of different types of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels in evoked transmitter release. The population of Thy-1+ neurons was heterogeneous. Staining patterns, soma-dendritic geometries and axon length displayed variations that could be related to basic electrophysiological properties, such as amplitudes of voltage- activated Na+ currents (INa(V)), action potential size and capacity for repetitive discharge. Out of 73 coupled connections, 33 pairs were glutamatergic. With no exception, these connections were formed by the axons of strongly labeled Thy-1+ neurons with large INa(V) (typically > 2 nA) and repetitive firing over a broad current range. Such neurons were classified as RGNs. Forty out of 73 coupled pairs were GABAergic. These connections were always formed by weakly stained Thy-1+ neurons with small INa(V) (typically < 2 nA) and very limited capacity for repetitive discharge. Such neurons were tentatively classified as displaced amacrine cells. Evoked EPSCs in response to RGN activation were completely blocked by low concentrations of Cd2+ or Gd3+. omega- CgTx-GVIA (5 microM) reduced EPSCs to 67 +/- 29%, omega-AgaTx-IVA (200 nM) had no effect, and nifedipine (15 microM) enhanced the evoked EPSCs. Our experiments indicate that (1) the transmitter released by RGNs is glutamate and (2) the major part of synaptic glutamate release is governed by a novel toxin-resistant Ca2+ channel. The results further suggest that the characteristic phenotype of RGNs is well maintained in dissociated cell culture. In conjunction with electrophysiological tests Thy-1+ labeling can be used for RGN identification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from Glu, RGNs may contain substance P (Brecha et al, 1987) and other neuropeptides, including NAAG (Anderson et al, 1987). A minor fraction of RGNs stains for GABA or glutamate decarboxylase and is considered to be GABAergic (Yu et al, 1988;Caruso et al, 1989;Lugo-Garcia and Blanco, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Several types of Ca2+ channels mediate glutamatergic synaptic responses to activation of single Thy-1-immunolabeled rat retinal ganglion neurons

Taschenberger

Grantyn

1995

J. Neurosci.

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“…3B). These cells had a mean diameter of 20.59 Ϯ 3.09 m (n ϭ 38) as summarized in Figure 3D, a size that confirms their identity as ganglion rather than displaced amacrine cells (Caruso et al, 1989;Guenther et al, 1994).…”

Section: Localization Of the P2x 2 R Subunit In The Rat Retinamentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Ganglion cells were distinguished through double labeling with GABA, where cells that did not show GABA immunoreactivity in the GCL were defined as ganglion cells. This method is based on the premise that approximately 94% of rat retinal ganglion cells show no GABA immunoreactivity (Caruso et al, 1989). Moreover, the P2X 2 -immunoreactive/ GABA-negative cells in the GCL had a large average soma diameter (ϳ20 m), which is inconsistent with the reported diameter of amacrine cells in the rat retina (Caruso et al, 1989;Guenther et al, 1994).…”

Section: Microscopic Analysis and Image Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 94%

P2X₂ receptors on ganglion and amacrine cells in cone pathways of the rat retina

Puthussery

Fletcher

2006

J of Comparative Neurology

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Extracellular ATP is known to mediate fast, excitatory neurotransmission through activation of ionotropic P2X receptors. In this study, the localization of the P2X(2) receptor (P2X(2)R) subunit was studied in rat retina by using immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry and preembedding immunoelectron microscopy. The P2X(2)R was observed in large ganglion cells as well as in a subset of amacrine cells. Double labeling revealed that 96% of all P2X(2)R-immunoreactive amacrine cells showed gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity. Subsets of P2X(2)R-immunoreactive amacrine cells expressed nitric oxide synthase and substance P; however, no colocalization was observed with choline acetyltransferase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, or tyrosine hydroxylase. Nearest-neighbor analysis confirmed that P2X(2)Rs were expressed by a heterogeneous population of amacrine cells. The synaptic connectivity of P2X(2)R amacrine cells was also investigated. It was interesting that P2X(2)R-immunoreactive amacrine cell dendrites stratified in the sublaminae of the inner plexiform layer occupied by cone, but not rod bipolar cell axon terminals. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that P2X(2)-immunoreactive amacrine cell processes were associated with cone bipolar cell axon terminals as well as other conventional synapses in the inner plexiform layer. Taken together, these data provide further evidence for the involvement of extracellular ATP in neuronal signaling in the retina, particularly within cone pathways.

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“…Many cells in the ganglion cell layer are immunoreactive for GABA, often with varying levels of labelling intensity and soma size. In the rat retina, tracer studies have suggested that some 5% of ganglion cells that project to the superior colliculus are GABA immunoreactive (Caruso et al, 1989). …”

Section: Gabamentioning

confidence: 98%

Alterations in neurochemistry during retinal degeneration

Fletcher

2000

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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GABA-immunoreactivity in ganglion cells of the rat retina

Cited by 74 publications

References 18 publications

Several types of Ca2+ channels mediate glutamatergic synaptic responses to activation of single Thy-1-immunolabeled rat retinal ganglion neurons

Several types of Ca2+ channels mediate glutamatergic synaptic responses to activation of single Thy-1-immunolabeled rat retinal ganglion neurons

P2X₂ receptors on ganglion and amacrine cells in cone pathways of the rat retina

Alterations in neurochemistry during retinal degeneration

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GABA-immunoreactivity in ganglion cells of the rat retina

Cited by 74 publications

References 18 publications

Several types of Ca2+ channels mediate glutamatergic synaptic responses to activation of single Thy-1-immunolabeled rat retinal ganglion neurons

Several types of Ca2+ channels mediate glutamatergic synaptic responses to activation of single Thy-1-immunolabeled rat retinal ganglion neurons

P2X2 receptors on ganglion and amacrine cells in cone pathways of the rat retina

Alterations in neurochemistry during retinal degeneration

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P2X₂ receptors on ganglion and amacrine cells in cone pathways of the rat retina