g‐C₃N₄@CuO electrostatic self‐assembly toward Ralstonia solanacearum: Insights from cytomembrane and motility disruption

Abstract

BACKGROUNDRalstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum), a notorious and refractory bacterial plant pathogen, threatens multiple vegetable crops and cause significant economic loss in agriculture. Long‐term use of traditional medicines not only increases the problem of drug resistance, but also causes great environmental pollution. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new agents with high efficacy and low toxicity.RESULTSIn this study, we had synthesis and characterization of g‐C3N4@CuO, which showed higher antimicrobial effect than graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g‐C3N4 nanosheets) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). R. solanacearum exposed to g‐C3N4@CuO exhibited higher levels of oxygen toxicity, cell membrane damage, DNA damage, motility disruption and even cell death compared to g‐C3N4 nanosheets and CuONPs. In addition, g‐C3N4@CuO was more effective in the control of tobacco bacterial wilt than g‐C3N4 nanosheets and CuONPs.CONCLUSIONThus, this study provides a new perspective on g‐C3N4@CuO control of bacterial diseases in crops, and the mechanism is related to the destruction of cell membrane damage and motility disruption.