G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Expression in Normal and Abnormal Endometrium

Abstract

Rapid estrogen effects are mediated by membrane receptors, and evidence suggests a role for both a membrane-associated form of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1; ERα) and G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPER; GPR30). Considering estrogen's importance in endometrial physiology and endometriosis pathophysiology, we hypothesized that GPER could be involved in both cyclic changes in endometrial estrogen action and that aberrant expression might be seen in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis of normal endometrium, endometrial samples demonstrated cycle-regulated expression of GPER, with maximal expression in the proliferative phase. Eutopic and ectopic endometrium from women with endometriosis overexpressed GPER as compared to eutopic endometrium of normal participants. Ishikawa cells, an adenocarcinoma cell line, expressed GPER, with increased expression upon treatment with estrogen or an ESR1 agonist, but not with a GPER-specific agonist. Decreased expression was seen in Ishikawa cells stably transfected with progesterone receptor A. Together, these data suggest that normal endometrial GPER expression is cyclic and regulated by nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors, while expression is dysregulated in endometriosis.

Quantitative PCR marker genes for endometrial adenocarcinoma

“…MGL is frequently used as a marker gene for breast malignancies; however, it may have an important function in malignant endometrial tissues (32), and was therefore also selected for the set of marker genes to be tested by the present study. The expression of GPER is dysregulated in malignant endometrium and is involved in steroid hormone signaling (33). Her-2 is particularly prevalent in early endometrial tumorigenesis, in coherence with Cox-1 and -2 (34).…”

The influence of LIF, LIF-Rα, gp130, SOCS1 pathways in the endometrium on pregnancy outcomes after IVF/ICSI in patients with tubal infertility

“…Доказано, что система SCORE является на-дежным инструментом оценки экспрессии эндоме-триальных белков по отношению к количественному определению методом qRT-PCR [20].…”

The nuclear isoforms expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium of patients with tubal infertility: the influence on IVF/ICSI outcomes

“…Система HSCORE является надежным инструментом оценки экспрессии эндометриальных белков по отношению к количественному определению методом ПЦР в ре-альном времени [23].…”