G. M. Hopkins: "The Windhover"; Sources, "Underthought", and Significance

Thomas, Alfred B.

doi:10.2307/3725517

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The results of Figures 1–4 (as well as other melting and premelting data not shown) are compiled in Table I, which also lists specific residue and vibrational assignments for the Raman bands. Assignments are based upon detailed analyses of related nucleic acids and nucleotides 12, 13, 20, 38–41. In Table I, the temperature‐dependent change of a Raman band between the lowest (either 10 or 15°C) and highest temperature (85°C) is characterized by two parameters: Δσ, the shift in wavenumber value, and Δ I σ / I σ , the percent change in relative band intensity defined by Eq.…”

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The definitive Raman marker of DNA secondary structure occurs in the spectral region 750–850 cm −1 . The band is assigned to a bond‐stretching vibration localized in the phosphodiester C5′–O5′–P–O3′–C3′ network, a group of linkages sensitive to the conformation of the DNA backbone 17, 19, 23, 25, 39–41. The Raman marker of “canonical” B‐form geometry is generally observed at 835 ± 1 cm −1 in genomic B‐DNA of mixed base composition.…”

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Raman marker of “canonical” B‐form geometry is generally observed at 835 ± 1 cm −1 in genomic B‐DNA of mixed base composition. However, in GC‐rich polynucleotide duplexes, such as poly(dG‐dC)·poly(dG‐dC) (dC: deoxycytidine; dG: deoxyguanosine), the corresponding marker is observed near 829 ± 1 cm −1 ; conversely in AT‐rich polynucleotide duplexes, including both poly(dA‐dT)·poly(dA‐dT) and poly(dA)·poly(dT), the marker is observed near 841 ± 1 cm −1 12, 20, 39. These polynucleotide duplexes, though members of the B family of DNA structures, are minor variants of “canonical” B‐DNA in the sense that they exhibit certain properties—including Raman markers of phosphodiester geometry—differing somewhat from those of genomic B‐DNA.…”

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature dependence of the raman spectrum of DNA. II. Raman signatures of premelting and melting transitions of poly(dA)·poly(dT) and comparison with poly(dA‐dT)·poly(dA‐dT)*

Movileanu¹,

Benevides²,

Thomas³

2002

Biopolymers

113

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The temperature dependence of the Raman spectrum of poly(dA).poly(dT) (dA: deoxyadenosine; dT: thymidine), a model for DNA containing consecutive adenine.thymine (A.T) pairs, has been analyzed using a spectrometer of high spectral precision and sensitivity. Three temperature intervals are distinguished: (a) premelting (10 < t < 70 degrees C), in which the native double helix is structurally altered but not dissociated into single strands; (b) melting (70 < t < 80 degrees C), in which the duplex is dissociated into single strands; and (c) postmelting (80 < t degrees C), in which no significant structural change can be detected. The distinctive Raman difference signatures observed between 10 and 70 degrees C and between 70 and 80 degrees C are interpreted in terms of the structural changes specific to premelting and melting transitions, respectively. Premelting alters the low-temperature conformation of the deoxyribose-phosphate backbone and eliminates base hydrogen bonding that is distinct from canonical Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding; these premelting perturbations occur without disruption of base stacking. Conversely, melting eliminates canonical Watson-Crick pairing and base stacking. The results are compared with those reported previously on poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT), the DNA structure consisting of alternating A.T and T.A pairs (L. Movileanu, J. M. Benevides, and G. J. Thomas, Jr. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 1999, Vol. 30, pp. 637-649). Poly(dA).poly(dT) and poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) exhibit strikingly dissimilar temperature-dependent Raman profiles prior to the onset of melting. However, the two duplexes exhibit very similar melting transitions, including the same Raman indicators of ruptured Watson-Crick pairing, base unstacking and collapse of backbone order. A detailed analysis of the data provides a comprehensive Raman assignment scheme for adenosine and thymidine residues of B-DNA, delineates Raman markers diagnostic of consecutive A.T and alternating A.T/T.A tracts of DNA, and identifies the distinct Raman difference signatures for premelting and melting transitions in the two types of sequences.

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Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature dependence of the raman spectrum of DNA. II. Raman signatures of premelting and melting transitions of poly(dA)·poly(dT) and comparison with poly(dA‐dT)·poly(dA‐dT)*

Movileanu¹,

Benevides²,

Thomas³

2002

Biopolymers

113

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Sequences of Phrase and Feeling in “The Windhover”

Cotter

2018

Religion Arts

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Gerard Manley Hopkins distinguished and approved “sequences of feeling and phrase” in his friend Robert Bridges’s sonnets. A close reading of “The Windhover” reveals Hopkins’s own use of these sequences with a remarkable shift between the octave, developed by a series of adverbial and adjectival participial and prepositional phrases, and the sestet which proceeds as a series of declarative-exclamatory statements. The first half of the sonnet follows the kestrel’s flight as it “hovers” (hence its name) into a fixed position either by beating its wings (“hurl”) or by sitting still (“gliding”). This act of hovering is then transferred from the bird “there” to the poet’s own heart “here” by the verb “Buckle,” with its meaning of joining, bending, putting on, and holding back. This shift in action occurs also in place and time, from past to present, outdoors to an indoor chapel where the poet attended Mass each May morning. The action itself incorporates inscape as catching sight of the pattern of the kestrel’s flight in the morning of Christ’s created light and instress as the heart’s response in thought and being to Christ’s uplifting grace in the fire of redemption. “As kingfishers catch fire” reverses the sequences of feeling and phrase in “The Windhover” as it too moves from the physical (“each mortal thing”) to the supernatural as the “just man” becomes an after-Christ.

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G. M. Hopkins: "The Windhover"; Sources, "Underthought", and Significance

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Temperature dependence of the raman spectrum of DNA. II. Raman signatures of premelting and melting transitions of poly(dA)·poly(dT) and comparison with poly(dA‐dT)·poly(dA‐dT)*

Temperature dependence of the raman spectrum of DNA. II. Raman signatures of premelting and melting transitions of poly(dA)·poly(dT) and comparison with poly(dA‐dT)·poly(dA‐dT)*

Sequences of Phrase and Feeling in “The Windhover”

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