G. lamblia and H. pylori infections among mentally challenged individuals in rehabilitation centers in Alexandria, Egypt

Abstract

Introduction: Concomitant infections with pathogens are common, particularly when there are shared modes of infection or when one pathogen promotes the other. Residence among closed-type care institutions may pose an additional risk of such infections. Mentally challenged patients in rehabilitation centers constitute one of the special needs groups exposed to parasitic infections, including giardiasis. Several studies reported concomitant infection with G. lamblia and H. pylori worldwide and in Egypt; however, the co-existence of these two pathogens among mentally challenged individuals remains unexplored. The present study aimed to study the prevalence and association between G. lamblia and H. pylori among mentally challenged patients in rehabilitation centers in Alexandria, Egypt. Methodology: 200 individuals admitted to four mental rehabilitation centers in the period from June 2013 to January 2014, who guardians gave informed consent, were recruited. Stool samples were collected and subjected to trichrome stain for G. lamblia and to antigen detection for H. pylori. Results: The overall prevalence rates of G. lamblia and H. pylori were 8.5% and 24.0%, respectively. Monoinfection rates were 5.5% for G. lamblia and 21.0% for H. pylori, while concomitant infection with both species was detected in only 3.0% of cases. However, individuals who were H. pylori-positive were about two times more likely to be infected with G. lamblia than those who were H. pylori-negative (12.5% vs. 7.2%). Conclusions: Mentally challenged individuals in Alexandria harbouring H. pylori are about two times more likely to be exposed to G. lamblia. Large-scale studies are recommended to confirm this association.

Screening for Helicobacter pylori Infection among Asymptomatic University Students in Alexandria, Egypt, Using Non Invasive Laboratory Techniques

“…This finding is consistent with previous studies carried out in Egypt and other countries which have demonstrated that the prevalence of H. pylori was higher in those who come from large families, had poor hygiene, limited living standards, poor sanitary practices and overcrowded living conditions (Hassanein et al, 2017, Rastogi et al, 2014, Mohammad et al, 2011, Dattoli et al, 2010. Salih et al, (2009), noted that overcrowded conditions entailing closer contact between individuals sharing the same bed is important factor for the acquisition of such infection.…”

“…Different results were reported among Egyptians as those reported by Hassanein et al, (Hassanein et al, 2017): 24% and by Sabah et al, (Sabah et al, 2015): 69.4%. The present prevalence rate was in line with results reported in previous studies carried out in African countries as that in Nigeria :52.5% (Omosor et al, 2017) et al, 2017) and in a public survey carried out also in Nigeria 93.6% (Olokoba et al, 2013).…”

Infection hazard of exposure to intestinal parasites, H. pylori and hepatitis viruses among municipal sewage workers: a neglect high risk population

“…In addition, no significant association was found between the H. pylori infection and gastrointestinal symptoms, duration of occupational exposures, or with hygienic practices [55] . It is worth mentioning that the previously mentioned rates detected in the present study (34% and 22.9%) are higher or similar to other detection rates reported in other neglected populations; school children and mentally challenged patients in rehabilitation centers in Alexandria (24% and 27.1%, respectively) [56,57] .…”

Synthetic approaches and pharmaceutical applications of chloro-containing molecules for drug discovery: A critical review

“…The presence of EDGs (OH and OMe) on the phenyl ring diminishes the antiinflammatory activity [53]. Compound p-chlorobenzoylglycine 230 was synthesized by heating the mixture of glycine and 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride in sodium hydroxide solution (10%) as previously reported method [54]. Cyclocondensation of compounds 231a-h with substituted aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amount of sodium acetate in acetic anhydride under the optimal reaction conditions yielded 231a-h in good yield [54].…”

“…Compound p-chlorobenzoylglycine 230 was synthesized by heating the mixture of glycine and 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride in sodium hydroxide solution (10%) as previously reported method [54]. Cyclocondensation of compounds 231a-h with substituted aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amount of sodium acetate in acetic anhydride under the optimal reaction conditions yielded 231a-h in good yield [54]. Then, compounds 231a-h were treated with sulfanilamide in glacial acetic acid to afford the compounds 232a-h in good yields (Scheme 21).…”