G.fast channel modelling based on copper cable characteristics

Impact of twisting rate in 10 pairs of unshielded twisted-pair copper cables on insertion loss and crosstalk coupling for G.fast technology

“…This technology is then further improved to high-bit-rate DSL (HDSL) in 1998, to asymmetric DSL (ADSL) in 1999, to ADSL 2 (ADSL2) in 2002, to ADSL 2+ (ADSL2+) in 2003, to very high speed DSL (VDSL) in 2004, to VDSL2 in 2006, to VDSL2 with vectoring (VDSL2 vectoring) in 2010 and the latest is ultrafast DSL called gigabit fast access to subscriber terminal (G.fast) in 2014 [4][5][6]. The evolution of DSL technology is to improve Internet access Basically, G.fast technology can support data transferring up to 1 Gbps that is similar to data transmission rate over the fiber cable (optical transmission) [7][8], the maximum bandwidth of around 106 MHz or 212 MHz and the transmission distance up to around 250 m from the distribution point DP to the subscriber's premise [9][10][11]. In addition, this technology provides a hybrid method to telecommunication service operators, where the connectivity after the DP is completed by utilizing the existing twisted-pair copper cable that is previously used for a phone line and ADSL2+ [9].…”

“…Figure 1 shows the target installation area of G.fast technology. Although G.fast has the capability of carrying 1 Gbps aggregated data [7,9], the speed of upstream and downstream data is however highly dependent on the cable parameters like attenuation (insertion loss) and crosstalk coupling [10]. In general, insertion loss increases as either frequency or cable length increases.…”

“…These pairs are further bundled up into 5 smaller cable bundles with 10 pairs on each bundle as shown in Figure 2 [9]. The characteristic impedance of the cable is 100 ohm [10]. Figure 2.…”