G-CSF induces a potentially tolerant gene and immunophenotype profile in T cells in vivo

Stem cell mobilization with G-CSF induces type 17 differentiation and promotes scleroderma

“…These findings would appear to be highly relevant clinically as 2 recent reports have also demonstrated an increase in IL-17A secretion from CD4 T cells in donors mobilized with G-CSF. 35,36 Our study provides mechanistic data and outlines the important functional consequences of this in regard to transplantation outcome.…”

G-CSF suppresses allergic pulmonary inflammation, downmodulating cytokine, chemokine and eosinophil production

“…In humans, G-CSF is believed to promote a tolerogenic environment through multiple regulatory effects on T lymphocyte gene expression and transcription factor activity (Toh et al 2009). It was therefore important to define, in our study, whether suppression of specific antibody production or changes in infiltrating T lymphocyte populations underlie the attenuated allergic reaction in the lungs.…”

“…In humans, G-CSF treatment induces overexpression of negative regulators of Th17 differentiation, ultimately decreasing the numbers of T cells with a Th17 phenotype to one-third of those found in normal controls (Toh et al 2009). Because IL-17 is important in neutrophil recruitment and inflammation, a possible impact of G-CSF on IL-17 production might be relevant to the interpretation of our findings.…”

Cutaneous GVHD is associated with the expansion of tissue-localized Th1 and not Th17 cells

“…As our work focused on skin pathology, it remains possible that the cytokine profile of T cells present in other tissue sites, such as the gastrointestinal tract and liver, differs. Notably, in humans, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized PBMCs have reduced Th17 cells, 18 and cyclosporine 19,20 can inhibit IL-17 production. Thus, treatment regimen, stem cell source, and immunosuppression may all impact the cytokine profile of pathogenic cells.…”