G-CSF and neuroprotection: a therapeutic perspective in cerebral ischaemia

Abstract

In several experimental studies of cerebral ischaemia, G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) exerted neuroprotective effects through different mechanisms, including mobilization of haemopoietic stem cells, anti-apoptosis, neuronal differentiation, angiogenesis and anti-inflammation. Hence, G-CSF not only inhibits neuron death, but also generates 'new' neural tissue formation. A small pilot trial reports on the safety and feasibility of G-CSF therapy in stroke patients. According to this evidence, we can speculate that G-CSF, being used either alone or in combination with another agent, should have a dual activity beneficial both to acute neuronal protection and long-term plasticity after cerebral ischaemia, thus proposing that G-CSF is an ideal new drug for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.

Production of transgenic goat (Capra hircus) with human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (hG-CSF) gene in Brazil

“…Furthermore, hG-CSF stimulates the mobilization of progenitor cells for autologous or allogenic transplantation (Anderson et al 2006, Viret et al 2006. The hG-CSF has been cited for use in treatment of other human health problems, such as myocardial infarction (Oh et al 2006) and cerebral ischaemia (Lu and Xiao 2006). In addition, Ko et al (2000) have developed a transgenic female goat harboring goat-casein promoter/hG-CSF fusion gene by microinjection into fertilized one-cell goat zygotes.…”

Incrementally Applied Multifaceted Therapeutic Bundles in Neuroprotection Clinical Trials…Time for Change

“…• Granulocyte colony stimulating factor [31] • Measure calpain associated biomarkers [28] • Glutamate associated injury…”

Evaluation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Treatment of Complete Spinal Cord Injury

“…Moreover, G-CSF exerts angiogenic effects. G-CSF accelerates angiogenesis in animal models of limb, myocardial [23] and cerebral ischemia [24]. Vascular surface area, vascular length, vascular branch points, number of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled endothelial cells, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) expression grow in the focal cerebral ischemia model in G-CSF-treated rats [25].…”