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Enhancing multicultural and social justice counselling competencies (MSJCC) has been important in the counselling field for a number of years. As such, counsellor educators are called to provide the relevant education for counselling students. To identify ways to increase counselling students' MSJCC, the researchers conducted an experimental study investigating the effects of reflective practice on MSJCC of counselling students. Participants were recruited from a large university in the U.S. and completed a survey at the beginning and the end of their practicum semester. They were divided into an experimental (n = 35) and control (n = 37) group. Students in the experimental group wrote reflective journals after working with clients from different backgrounds. Specifically, we used the intervention derived from cultural auditing where individuals answer questions based on the prompts that facilitated participants' reflection regarding their counselling sessions. In our study, we selectively provided participants with the prompts from the cultural auditing process. For instance, we asked what their initial reactions were to a specific client, what those reaction may indicate about their own beliefs, values and assumptions, what the client's rationale was for the problem and how it may fit with the ways that problems were conceptualised within their culture. Based on these prompts, counselling students in the experimental group wrote reflective journals. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed. Results showed that MSJCC was higher for those in the control group than those in the experimental group, F(286.573, 1) = 5.119, p = .027, ηp2 = 0.071. Implications for future research are discussed.
Enhancing multicultural and social justice counselling competencies (MSJCC) has been important in the counselling field for a number of years. As such, counsellor educators are called to provide the relevant education for counselling students. To identify ways to increase counselling students' MSJCC, the researchers conducted an experimental study investigating the effects of reflective practice on MSJCC of counselling students. Participants were recruited from a large university in the U.S. and completed a survey at the beginning and the end of their practicum semester. They were divided into an experimental (n = 35) and control (n = 37) group. Students in the experimental group wrote reflective journals after working with clients from different backgrounds. Specifically, we used the intervention derived from cultural auditing where individuals answer questions based on the prompts that facilitated participants' reflection regarding their counselling sessions. In our study, we selectively provided participants with the prompts from the cultural auditing process. For instance, we asked what their initial reactions were to a specific client, what those reaction may indicate about their own beliefs, values and assumptions, what the client's rationale was for the problem and how it may fit with the ways that problems were conceptualised within their culture. Based on these prompts, counselling students in the experimental group wrote reflective journals. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed. Results showed that MSJCC was higher for those in the control group than those in the experimental group, F(286.573, 1) = 5.119, p = .027, ηp2 = 0.071. Implications for future research are discussed.
BackgroundEye‐movement protocols are considered empirical, evidence‐based treatments for mental disorders, and there is ample research around their efficacy. However, little research as to why these approaches are effective exists. In this study, an emerging approach, titled Tholáge neuropsychotherapy (called RELEASE at the time of the study), is explained and tested through an exploratory mixed method experiment.AimsA new theory on the efficacy of eye‐movement treatments is also presented, exploring existing research and contending that specific emotions are associated with specific eye movements. If proven, it may be possible to use eye movements to access specific emotions, for therapeutic outcomes.MethodsIn this experiment, there were 14 participants (n = 14) who experienced Tholáge as a treatment for depression. Two one‐way ANOVAs were conducted and found to be statistically significant and have a large effect size. Qualitative responses were shared from participants, and themes were highlighted.ResultsThe ANOVAs and qualitative responses demonstrated that Tholáge was effective with emotional regulation, and participants showed improvement on measures of affect and depression (the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Beck Depression Inventory).DiscussionThese results show that there is potential for this new eye‐movement treatment in reducing symptoms of depression.ConclusionThese findings can help practitioners in treatment of depression and potentially other diagnoses as well. There needs to be more research studies conducted on the efficacy of this treatment protocol.
This national survey of counselor educator perceptions of the Title IX requirement to report student disclosures of gender-based discrimination revealed the need for greater clarity about faculty strategies for serving counseling program students while upholding the federal law. The authors describe the recent expansion of the requirements and provide a suggested statement for course syllabi.
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