FXYD7 is a brain-specific regulator of Na,K-ATPase alpha1-beta isozymes

Several members of the FXYD protein family are tissue-specific regulators of Na,K-ATPase that produce distinct effects on its apparent K ؉ and Na ؉ affinity. Little is known about the interaction sites between the Na,KATPase ␣ subunit and FXYD proteins that mediate the efficient association and/or the functional effects of FXYD proteins. In this study, we have analyzed the role of the transmembrane segment TM9 of the Na,K-ATPase ␣ subunit in the structural and functional interaction with FXYD2, FXYD4, and FXYD7. Mutational analysis combined with expression in Xenopus oocytes reveals that Phe 956 , Glu 960 , Leu 964 , and Phe 967 in TM9 of the Na,K-ATPase ␣ subunit represent one face interacting with the three FXYD proteins. Leu 964 and Phe 967 contribute to the efficient association of FXYD proteins with the Na,K-ATPase ␣ subunit, whereas Phe 956 and Glu 960 are essential for the transmission of the functional effect of FXYD proteins on the apparent K ؉ affinity of Na,K-ATPase. The relative contribution of Phe 956 and Glu 960 to the K ؉ effect differs for different FXYD proteins, probably reflecting the intrinsic differences of FXYD proteins on the apparent K ؉ affinity of Na,K-ATPase. In contrast to the effect on the apparent K ؉ affinity, Phe 956 and Glu 960 are not involved in the effect of FXYD2 and FXYD4 on the apparent Na ؉ affinity of Na,K-ATPase. The mutational analysis is in good agreement with a docking model of the Na,K-ATPase/ FXYD7 complex, which also predicts the importance of Phe 956 , Glu 960 , Leu 964 , and Phe 967 in subunit interaction. In conclusion, by using mutational analysis and modeling, we show that TM9 of the Na,K-ATPase ␣ subunit exposes one face of the helix that interacts with FXYD proteins and contributes to the stable interaction with FXYD proteins, as well as mediating the effect of FXYD proteins on the apparent K ؉ affinity of Na,K-ATPase.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Interaction Sites between Na,K-ATPase and FXYD Proteins

Grosdidier

Crambert

et al. 2004

“…Thus, the electrophoretic mobility (15 kDa) of this small protein differs significantly from the protein mass as for the other hydrophobic FXYD proteins. The previous finding that PLMS is resolved as a doublet on two-dimensional SDS-PAGE (21) could suggest that PLMS may also undergo co-or post-translational processing, as is the case for the ␥ (12, 59) and possibly also for CHIF (23) and FXYD7 (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Subsequent investigations by Crambert et al (22), who used a co-expression system to study the effects of mammalian FXYD1 on Na,KATPase activity, indicated that PLM interacts with and regulates Na,K-ATPase isoforms. Indeed, both FXYD 4 (CHIF) and FXYD7 have been recently reported to be tissue-specific regulators of Na,K-ATPase (23,24). Therefore, it seems conceivable that most, if not all, members of the FXYD protein family are tissue-specific regulators of Na,K-ATPase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Na,K-ATPase by PLMS, the Phospholemman-like Protein from Shark

Mahmmoud

Cramb

Maunsbach

et al. 2003

In Na,K-ATPase membrane preparations from shark rectal glands, we have previously identified an FXYD domain-containing protein, phospholemman-like protein from shark, PLMS. This protein was shown to associate and modulate shark Na,K-ATPase activity in vitro. Here we describe the complete coding sequence, expression, and cellular localization of PLMS in the rectal gland of the shark Squalus acanthias. The mature protein contained 74 amino acids, including the N-terminal FXYD motif and a C-terminal protein kinase multisite phosphorylation motif. The sequence is preceded by a 20 amino acid candidate cleavable signal sequence. Immunogold labeling of the Na,K-ATPase ␣-subunit and PLMS showed the presence of ␣ and PLMS in the basolateral membranes of the rectal gland cells and suggested their partial colocalization. Furthermore, through controlled proteolysis, the C terminus of PLMS containing the protein kinase phosphorylation domain can be specifically cleaved. Removal of this domain resulted in stimulation of maximal Na,K-ATPase activity, as well as several partial reactions. Both the E 1 ϳP 3 E 2 -P reaction, which is partially rate-limiting in shark, and the K ؉ deocclusion reaction, E 2 (K) 3 E 1 , are accelerated. The latter may explain the finding that the apparent Na ؉ affinity was increased by the specific C-terminal PLMS truncation. Thus, these data are consistent with a model where interaction of the phosphorylation domain of PLMS with the Na,K-ATPase ␣-subunit is important for the modulation of shark Na,K-ATPase activity.

“…6). We recently characterized FXYD7 (7), which is exclusively expressed in brain, both in neurons and glial cells. FXYD7 is subjected to Oglycosylation, which appears to be important for protein stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

FXYD7, Mapping of Functional Sites Involved in Endoplasmic Reticulum Export, Association With and Regulation of Na,K-ATPase

Crambert

Swee

et al. 2004

The brain-specific FXYD7 is a member of the recently defined FXYD family that associates with the ␣1-␤1 Na,K-ATPase isozyme and induces an about 2-fold decrease in its apparent K ؉ affinity. By using the Xenopus oocyte as an expression system, we have investigated the role of conserved and FXYD7-specific amino acids in the cellular routing of FXYD7 and in its association with and regulation of Na,K-ATPase. In contrast to FXYD2 and FXYD4, the studies on FXYD7 show that the conserved FXYD motif in the extracytoplasmic domain is not involved in the efficient association of FXYD7 with Na,K-ATPase. On the other hand, the conserved Gly 40 and Gly 29 , located on the same face of the transmembrane helix, were found to be implicated both in the association with and the regulation of Na,K-ATPase. Mutational analysis of FXYD7-specific regions revealed the presence of an ER export signal at the end of the cytoplasmic tail. Deletion of a C-terminal valine residue in FXYD7 significantly delayed and decreased its O-glycosylation processing and retarded the rate of its cell surface expression. This result indicates that the C-terminal valine residue is involved in the rapid and selective ER export of FXYD7, which could explain the observed post-translational association of FXYD7 with Na,KATPase. In conclusion, our study on FXYD7 provides new information on structural determinants of general importance for FXYD protein action. Moreover, FXYD7 is identified as a new member of proteins with a regulated ER export, which suggests that, among FXYD proteins, FXYD7 has a particular regulatory function in brain.