Fuzzy Sets in Earth and Space Sciences

Abstract

Earth science refers to the field of science dealing with planet Earth while space science pertains several scientific disciplines studying the upper atmosphere, space, and celestial bodies rather than Earth. The fuzzy set theory is one of the tools that has been recently used in the earth and space sciences. In this chapter, we review and analyze the papers utilizing fuzzy logic in earth and space science problems from Scopus database. The graphical and tabular illustrations are presented for the subject areas, publication years and sources of the papers on earth and space sciences.

A Novel Concept of Complex Anti-Fuzzy Isomorphism over Groups

“…Let κ : G −→ G is itself mapping defined as κ(l) = l 5 ∀ l ∈ G, where G is an abelian group and assume that T = {(l, ν T (l)) : l ∈ G} be complex anti-fuzzy subgroup of G, with the non-membership functions ν T (l) = µ T (l)e iη T (l) , where µ T (l) ∈ [0, 1] and η T (l) ∈ [0, 2π]. Let l, m ∈ G; then, we have κ(ν T )(lm) = ν T (lm) 5 = µ T (lm) 5 e iη T (lm) 5 = µ T ((lm.lm.lm.lm.lm))e iη T ((lm.lm.lm.lm.lm))…”

“…Group theory is an important part of algebra. It is used in physics, chemistry, computer science, picture creation, painting, diagnosis, and medicine [1][2][3][4][5]. Isomorphism is an absurdly general concept and is just a way of saying that two things are the same.…”