Fuzzy rule base approach to evaluate performance of hydrodynamic cavitation for borewell water softening

Anaokar, G. S.; Khambete, A. K.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.404

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…α=(Total perimeter of the holes)/(Total area of opening)=(n2π〖(d〗_h/2))/〖nπ(d_h/2)〗^2 =4/d_h (4) A parameter α is defined as a ratio of throat perimeter to flow area [36], was calculated using equation( 4). The parameter, β which can be defined as the ratio of total flow area or area of holes to the cross-sectional area of the pipe, was calculated using equation (5). β=n(〖d_h/d_p )〗^2 (5) where, n = total number of the holes on the orifice, d_h= orifice hole diameter, mm; d_p= pipe diameter, mm(12.7 mm)…”

Section: R1 P1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parameter, β which can be defined as the ratio of total flow area or area of holes to the cross-sectional area of the pipe, was calculated using equation (5). β=n(〖d_h/d_p )〗^2 (5) where, n = total number of the holes on the orifice, d_h= orifice hole diameter, mm; d_p= pipe diameter, mm(12.7 mm)…”

Section: R1 P1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, groundwater is associated with water hardness, as water moving through soil and rock dissolves small amounts of natural minerals and transports them to the groundwater supply [3]. The world health Organization recommended preserving the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions lower than 75 mg/L and 50 mg/L in the drinking water respectively [4].In a study, samples of tap water were collected from 2017 to 2020 from different countries in Africa, Asia, Europe; and it was determined that the average hardness exceeded 100 mg/L [5]. The presence of water hardness in municipal water networks can economically affect households and industry in general [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic Cavitation as Pretreatment for Removal of Hardness From Reverse Osmosis Reject Water

Medina Collana,

Hurtado,

Ramirez

et al. 2023

ijmst

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In the present investigation, the treatment of reverse osmosis reject water hardness by hydrodynamic cavitation with the addition of sodium bicarbonate was studied. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), which is formed as a result of fluid pressure and velocity variation, has attracted great attention in industrial wastewater treatment due to its simple design and ease of operation. The influence of wastewater recirculation flow rate and the number of holes in the metal plate on the percentage removal of calcium hardness was studied. The study used a two-factor factorial design with three levels, plates with( 3, 5 and 9 holes)and a recirculation flow rate of (0.6, 1 and 1.5 L/min) with a treatment time of 60 minutes. Calcium hardness, total dissolved solids, pH and liquid temperature were evaluated as a function of time. The results show that as the flow rate and the number of orifices increase, the percentage of hardness removal increases. A linear correlation of hardness removal with respect to flow rate and number of orifices in the metal plate is also observed. For the recirculation flow rate of 1.5 L/min and a plate with 9 holes, a maximum removal rate of 66.76 % was achieved. It was also observed that the temperature increases as a function of time, reaching up to 75°C, while pH and total dissolved solids decrease during the treatment time. Hydrodynamic cavitation represents an environmentally friendly mechanical treatment technology and, considering that the removal efficiency is higher than 60%, it is an alternative as a pretreatment for the removal of water hardness.

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Section: R1 P1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: R1 P1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic Cavitation as Pretreatment for Removal of Hardness From Reverse Osmosis Reject Water

Medina Collana,

Hurtado,

Ramirez

et al. 2023

ijmst

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“…EU and UN policies over the past decade have prioritized hierarchical food waste management, redistribution, and valorization to promote sustainable consumption and production, thus fostering circular economies ( Teigiserova et al, 2020 ; Carlsen and Bruggemann, 2022 ). Emerging green technologies, such as hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), offer promising solutions for water softening ( Anaokar and Khambete, 2021 ), chemical/dye inactivation ( Zupanc et al, 2013 ; Bandala and Rodriguez-Narvaez, 2019 ) and non-thermal food processing ( Sun et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring hydrodynamic cavitation for citrus waste valorisation in Malta: from beverage enhancement to potato sprouting suppression and water remediation

Psakis,

Lia,

Valdramidis

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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Introduction: The endorsement of circular economy, zero-waste, and sustainable development by the EU and UN has promoted non-thermal technologies in agro-food and health industries. While northern European countries rapidly integrate these technologies, their implementation in Mediterranean food-supply chains remains uncertain.Aims: We evaluated the usefulness of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) for valorizing orange peel waste in the fresh orange juice supply chain of the Maltese Islands.Method: We assessed: a) the effectiveness of HC in extracting bioactive compounds from orange peels (Citrus sinensis) in water (35°C) and 70% (v/v) ethanol (−10°C) over time, compared to conventional maceration, and b) the potato sprouting-suppression and biosorbent potential of the processed peel for copper, nitrate, and nitrite binding.Results: Prolonged HC-assisted extractions in water (high cavitation numbers), damaged and/or oxidized bioactive compounds, with flavonoids and ascorbic acid being more sensitive, whereas cold ethanolic extractions preserved the compounds involved in radical scavenging. HC-processing adequately modified the peel, enabling its use as a potato suppressant and biosorbent for copper, nitrate, and nitrite.Conclusion: Coupling HC-assisted bioactive compound extractions with using leftover peel for potato-sprouting prevention and as biosorbent for water pollutant removal offers a straightforward approach to promoting circular economic practices and sustainable agriculture in Malta.

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Simultaneous Oxidation of SO2 and NOX via Hydroxyl Radicals Using Ozone-Cavitation-Absorption System

Zhang

Hussain

et al. 2023

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Fuzzy rule base approach to evaluate performance of hydrodynamic cavitation for borewell water softening

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Hydrodynamic Cavitation as Pretreatment for Removal of Hardness From Reverse Osmosis Reject Water

Hydrodynamic Cavitation as Pretreatment for Removal of Hardness From Reverse Osmosis Reject Water

Exploring hydrodynamic cavitation for citrus waste valorisation in Malta: from beverage enhancement to potato sprouting suppression and water remediation

Simultaneous Oxidation of SO2 and NOX via Hydroxyl Radicals Using Ozone-Cavitation-Absorption System

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