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As a result of reclamation systems for rice cultivation construction, the conditions of genesis and landscapes soil formation were radically violated. This led to the leaching of active humus and calcium, colloidal particles, nutrients from arable layer to underlying horizons, as a result of which there is a tendency to secondary salinization and solonization of soils. The development of the eluvial glue process and physicochemical parameters change of soils causes a change in the morphological soil profile. Currently relevant are preventing land degradation problems, maintaining and restoring soil fertility. In the article, the authors propose to characterize the rice irrigation system functioning mode from probabilistic point of view. They offer to evaluate the consequences of anthropogenic load, considering operational activities by Poisson stream of a certain intensity. This approach allows to consider uncertainty in terms of probability distributions. The function, characterizing soil quality S(t) was introduced. The function S(t) assumed to be monotonously decreasing. The probability R(S) of achieving a certain soil quality was considered. In case of minimum amount of humus Sm the soil is degrading. In these assumptions the average value expression and probability density of particular soil condition onset duration was received.
As a result of reclamation systems for rice cultivation construction, the conditions of genesis and landscapes soil formation were radically violated. This led to the leaching of active humus and calcium, colloidal particles, nutrients from arable layer to underlying horizons, as a result of which there is a tendency to secondary salinization and solonization of soils. The development of the eluvial glue process and physicochemical parameters change of soils causes a change in the morphological soil profile. Currently relevant are preventing land degradation problems, maintaining and restoring soil fertility. In the article, the authors propose to characterize the rice irrigation system functioning mode from probabilistic point of view. They offer to evaluate the consequences of anthropogenic load, considering operational activities by Poisson stream of a certain intensity. This approach allows to consider uncertainty in terms of probability distributions. The function, characterizing soil quality S(t) was introduced. The function S(t) assumed to be monotonously decreasing. The probability R(S) of achieving a certain soil quality was considered. In case of minimum amount of humus Sm the soil is degrading. In these assumptions the average value expression and probability density of particular soil condition onset duration was received.
The program for maintaining food security is, first of all, a set of measures consisting of systemic, mathematically based models, taking into account the largest number of factors, signs, indicators and criteria that affect the stability of production. Stability of agricultural production directly depends not only on the degree of use of advanced technologies by the region and the economy (optimal crop rotations together with ecological adaptive technology for processing crop rotation fields, selection achievements, the use of modern mineral and organic fertilizers, the use of advanced herbicides, pesticides and others agrochemicals), technical equipment with modern domestic and/or foreign agricultural machinery, but also on the degree of optimization of using available resources on farms. The article uses a probabilistic model of the process of reducing the cost of planned reclamation measures. Within the framework of the proposed model, the optimization problem of finding the cost of activities that ensure the maximum profit for the farm has been solved. A numerical iterative algorithm for solving it has been performed. The solved problem will allow the development of calculation scenarios and control of the rice irrigation system based on mathematical modeling using modern computing facilities.
The guarantee of food security of any state is to obtain guaranteed yields of high-quality agricultural products. The implementation of such a task is feasible only if all the technological and environmental conditions of its cultivation are met. In the current situation, when, along with the growing anthropogenic load on the land of the agricultural Fund and the reduction of available irrigation water, as well as non - compliance with agricultural production technologies, organic farming is the solution to the urgent problem of obtaining high yields of high-quality products without compromising the agricultural resource potential of soils. The transfer of production to organic farming should be carried out in stages, due to the high cost of its implementation and the use of a large number of additional resources (agro-reclamation, economic, energy, labor, technical and technological, environmental). In our research, we suggest using an organic method for cleaning drainage runoff with halophytes planted in phyto-sections located in the discharge channels of the rice irrigation system. It was found that the use of phyto-sections of various lengths, depending on the chemical composition of drainage and discharge waters, allows one to clean the drainage runoff from mechanical impurities, organic and biogenic elements. This makes it possible to reduce suffusion and removal of nutrients from rice checks, reduce the irrigation rate by 10%, increase the reclamation state of soils, and reduce the cost of rice production by 7%.
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