Fuzzy optimization of the automotive ammonia fuel cycle

Angeles, Donna Abrece; Tan, Raymond R.; Aviso, Kathleen B.; Are, Kristian Ray Angelo; Razón, Luis F.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.143

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These vehicles also showed higher environmental impacts in other categories, however. The results from these studies of Bicer and Dincer are consistent with the results in Angeles et al (2018)-lower global warming potential from lower greenhouse gas emissions if the ammonia is taken from low-carbon processes but with a trade-off from environmental impacts resulting from other emissions. Bicer and Khalid (2018) also obtained similar results upon comparing ammonia-, hydrogen-, natural gas-, and methanol-powered fuel cells for power generation.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This is especially true if coupled with the finding of the influence of higher pressure (Khateeb et al, 2021) and the presence of water in the feed (Ariemma et al, 2020) on NO x emissions. One of the significant findings in previous studies (Angeles et al, 2018;Bicer and Dincer, 2018a) is that the nitrogen footprint is increased if ammonia is used. Thus, changing the combustion operating conditions could reverse this observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It was found that a fuel cell vehicle fed with ammonia from the cyanobacteria-based process proposed in Razon (2014) gave both the lowest nitrogen footprint and the lowest carbon footprint. In a separate study, it was found that internal combustion engine vehicles fed with ammonia from biomass-based sources had lower carbon footprints than equivalent petroleum diesel or gasoline engines (Angeles et al, 2018). However, all of the ammonia vehicles had worse nitrogen footprints than the diesel or gasoline engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of the Combustion of Ammonia/Methane Fuels in a Tangential Swirl Burner

Razón

Valera‐Medina

2021

Front. Chem. Eng.

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Ammonia has been proposed as a replacement for fossil fuels. Like hydrogen, emissions from the combustion of ammonia are carbon-free. Unlike hydrogen, ammonia is more energy dense, less explosive, and there exists extensive experience in its distribution. However, ammonia has a low flame speed and combustion emits nitrogen oxides. Ammonia is produced via the Haber-Bosch process which consumes large amounts of fossil fuels and requires high temperatures and pressures. A life cycle assessment to determine potential environmental advantages and disadvantages of using ammonia is necessary. In this work, emissions data from experiments with generating heat from tangential swirl burners using ammonia cofired with methane employing currently available technologies were utilized to estimate the environmental impacts that may be expected. Seven ammonia sources were combined with two methane sources to create 14 scenarios. The impacts from these 14 scenarios were compared to those expected from using pure methane. The results show that using ammonia from present-day commercial production methods will result in worse global warming potentials than using methane to generate the same amount of heat. Only two scenarios, methane from biogas combined with ammonia from hydrogen from electricity and nuclear power via electrolysis and subsequent ammonia synthesis using nitrogen from the air, showed reductions in global warming potential. Subsequent analysis of other environmental impacts for these two scenarios showed potentially lower impacts for respiratory organics, terrestrial acidification-nutrification and aquatic acidification depending on how the burner is operated. The other eight environmental impacts were worse than the methane scenario because of activities intrinsic to the generation of electricity via wind power and nuclear fission. The results show that generating heat from a tangential swirl burner using ammonia currently available technologies will not necessarily result in improved environmental benefits in all categories. Improvements in renewable energy technologies could change these results positively. Other means of producing ammonia and improved means of converting ammonia to energy must continue to be explored.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of the Combustion of Ammonia/Methane Fuels in a Tangential Swirl Burner

Razón

Valera‐Medina

2021

Front. Chem. Eng.

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“…Finally, the issue of pollutant emissions is not trivial and requires in-depth studies before being able to propose optimized solutions according to the best operating mode to deal with the problem of NOx and/or NH 3 or even H 2 . As pointed out by Angeles et al (2018), any optimization of the automotive ammonia fuel cycle suffers from "the limited data available on the performance of ammoniafueled vehicles. "…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, studies based on system analysis concluded that "green" ammonia has a real potential to be considered as a Power-to-Fuel for our energy future and that the greenhouse gas emissions from an ammonia-driven vehicle could be less than one third of gasoline-or diesel-driven vehicles (Angeles et al, 2018;Bicer and Dincer, 2018). Even though at the moment there is no transport fleet operating with ammonia as fuel, the use of ammonia as an alternative to fossil fuels for transportation vehicles was considered during the twentieth century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia as Fuel for Low-Carbon Spark-Ignition Engines of Tomorrow's Passenger Cars

Mounaïm‐Rousselle

Bréquigny

2020

Front. Mech. Eng.

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Faced with the problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning toward a greater use of renewable energies, ammonia, as an energy carrier, is increasingly seen as a potential "green" fuel for transportation, in particular marine applications. However, its combustion characteristics (high minimum ignition energy and auto-ignition temperature, low combustion speed in comparison to usual hydrocarbon fuels) are drawbacks that have so far limited its use. Due to the evolution of different pollutant standards for road transportation, spark-ignition engines and thus the combustion process itself have been subjected to many changes over the last 20 years (e.g., gasoline direct injection, downsizing). The objective of this article is to discuss the potential of ammonia as a fuel for spark-ignition engines, thanks to the studies carried out so far and to point out directions for future work.

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A bibliometric review on the application of fuzzy optimization to sustainable energy technologies

Arriola

Ubando

Chen

2020

Intl J of Energy Research

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Fuzzy optimization of the automotive ammonia fuel cycle

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

A Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of the Combustion of Ammonia/Methane Fuels in a Tangential Swirl Burner

A Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of the Combustion of Ammonia/Methane Fuels in a Tangential Swirl Burner

Ammonia as Fuel for Low-Carbon Spark-Ignition Engines of Tomorrow's Passenger Cars

A bibliometric review on the application of fuzzy optimization to sustainable energy technologies

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