Fuzzy Logic-Based Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Electric Propulsion System for Fixed-Wing VTOL Aircraft

Zhu, Yingtao; Zhu, Boqing; Yang, Xixiang; Hou, Zhanqiang; Zong, Jianan

doi:10.3390/aerospace9100547

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The approach is exact in the sense that no approximation is introduced in the continuous setting. The proposed method can be directly applied on single-layer CORC ® cables [39] or twisted stacked-tape conductors [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite-Element Formulations for Systems With High-Temperature Superconductors

Dular

Geuzaine

Vanderheyden

2020

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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In this work, we present and analyze the numerical stability of two coupled finite element formulations. The first one is the h-a-formulation and is well suited for modeling systems with superconductors and ferromagnetic materials. The second one, the so-called t-a-formulation with thin-shell approximation, applies for systems with thin superconducting domains. Both formulations involve two coupled unknown fields and are mixed on the coupling interfaces. Function spaces in mixed formulations must satisfy compatibility conditions to ensure stability of the problem and reliability of the numerical solution. We propose stable choices of function spaces using hierarchical basis functions and demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on simple 2D examples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite-Element Formulations for Systems With High-Temperature Superconductors

Dular

Geuzaine

Vanderheyden

2020

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…As the model is simplified from 3D to 2D, some geometric and electrical parameters become dependent on the winding angle, which may affect the AC losses of CORC cables [38]. For 2D models that only depict the cross-section of CORC cables, the relevant parameters of HTS tape can be defined according to [39,40].…”

Section: Field Part: Fem Model Of Hts Cablementioning

confidence: 99%

Transient research on distribution networks incorporating superconducting cables utilizing field–circuit coupling method

Li,

Tang,

Ren

et al. 2023

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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High temperature superconducting (HTS) cable represents a promising solution for fulfilling the power demands of cities with large loads and high density. However, due to their connection to the distribution network, HTS cables are vulnerable to fault currents exceeding ten times their rated current, which poses a serious threat to both the safety of the cable and the operation of the grid. Considering the highly nonlinear nature of superconducting conductivity, this study develops a field–circuit coupling model to investigate the transient characteristics of distribution networks incorporating superconducting cables (DNSC). Firstly, a finite element model based on the two-dimensional H formulation was built to calculate the electrical and thermal parameters of the HTS cable. Subsequently, an equivalent circuit model of the distribution network was employed to estimate the short-circuit currents. Communicating via a co-simulation server, the superconducting cable current and distribution network impedance were updated in each step. Further, based on an actual DNSC system in Shenzhen, China, the highest quenching temperature of the cable and the maximum fault current of busbars were assessed. Finally, by integrating current limiters into the system, the withstand capability of the cable and busbars was determined, which indicates that the improved protection configuration can effectively suppress fault currents and ensure safe operation. Successfully applied to an actual distribution network, the co-simulation model utilizing the field–circuit coupling method addresses the challenges of solving highly nonlinear and time-varying systems, enabling transient analysis and protection research for the integration of superconducting devices into the conventional grid.

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“…In [25], the author showed her study on advanced 3D and 2D modelling of HTS CORC ® cable with T-A formulation implemented for the electrical propulsion system. The focus of the thesis was to understand how the cable structure affects the electromagnetic and quench behaviour, along with how these effects could be minimized.…”

Section: Corc® Cablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The T-A formulation: an efficient approach to model the macroscopic electromagnetic behaviour of HTS coated conductor applications

Huber

Song

Zhang

et al. 2022

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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In recent years, the T-A formulation has emerged as an efficient approach for modelling the electromagnetic behaviour of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tapes in the form of coated conductors (CCs). HTS CCs are characterized by an extremely large width-to-thickness ratio of the superconducting layer, normally up to 1000~6000, which in general leads to a very large number of degrees of freedom. The T-A formulation considers the superconducting layer as infinitely thin. The magnetic vector potential A is used to calculate the magnetic field distribution in all simulated domains. The current vector potential T is used to calculate the current density in the superconducting layer, which is a material simulated with a highly nonlinear power-law resistivity. This article presents a review of the T-A formulation. First, the governing equations are described in detail for different cases (2D and 3D, cartesian and cylindrical coordinates). Then, the literature on the implementation of T-A formulation for simulating applications ranging from simple tape assemblies to high field magnets is reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are also discussed.

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Fuzzy Logic-Based Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Electric Propulsion System for Fixed-Wing VTOL Aircraft

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Finite-Element Formulations for Systems With High-Temperature Superconductors

Finite-Element Formulations for Systems With High-Temperature Superconductors

Transient research on distribution networks incorporating superconducting cables utilizing field–circuit coupling method

The T-A formulation: an efficient approach to model the macroscopic electromagnetic behaviour of HTS coated conductor applications

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