Nowadays, container shipment in the intermodal terminals is overloaded. The quay crane and its control system have to be properly prepared for rapid cargo reloading. The advanced control system may increase container loading efficiency due to the reduced transportation time. However, faster transportation demands higher safety. In this article, the authors performed multibody dynamics simulation of the container spreader and lifting mechanism by analyzing more advanced mathematical model of the quay crane. Trolley motion and cargo swing angle transient responses of the dynamic system were acquired and analyzed during model simulation. The main target of this research is to determine the system behavior during transients. The simulation results showed that the transients induced by startup of the vertical spreader travel affect the whole crane system in all the investigated cases. In addition, the influence of flexible cable causes additional oscillations of cargo and reciprocating trolley displacement. The simulation of the container spreader and lifting mechanism will help detect motion deviations of the quay crane in real time.
KeywordsMultibody dynamics, transients, simulation, mathematical modeling, quay crane
General introduction
Risk of cargo transportation process and impact of crane restrictionsEvery year, container shipment is increasing and the container terminals get loaded more. Because of this situation, the terminals must load more containers using the same transportation equipment. One of the most important aspects of cargo loading is operation safety which can decrease in overloaded terminals. [1][2][3] In order to ensure safety of the container during transportation, an optimal operational strategy 4,5 of a quay crane control has to be ensured. In addition, the restrictions and limitations of the intermodal quay crane have to be appropriately assessed performing numerical simulations of multibody dynamics and the transient processes.One of the most researched cargo damage reasons in the past years is container swinging. 2,6,7 The main cause of the container and spreader swinging is the flexible steel cable connection between the spreader and trolley of the quay crane. 8 The container can produce swinging motion because of different container weights, wind gusts, and human actions. As a result, more time is required for the container shipment from point A to