Fuzzy logic approach to repair coverage holes in internet of things monitoring applications

Abstract

Using the internet of things paradigm for monitoring applications requires sufficient coverage of a monitored region to collect accurate data and observe events. The problem of a coverage hole arises when a sensor fails (loses connectivity with its neighbouring sensors) for reasons such as energy exhaustion or physical damage due to deployment in harsh environments. It is vital to detect and repair coverage holes as soon as they appear because they can have debilitating effects on network coverage and connectivity if left unattended. The authors propose a novel approach that employs a fuzzy inference system to select a neighbouring sensor that moves to recover the lost area. All neighbouring sensors communicate with each other to estimate the size and location of the coverage hole. Each sensor considers its own energy level, its distance from the approximated hole, and its redundancy ratio to evaluate its eligibility. The most eligible sensor is then selected to patch the coverage hole. Through extensive simulations, they analysed the performance of the proposed approach and compared it with baseline approaches in terms of coverage recovery effectiveness. The results show that the proposed approach is much more effective in repairing the holes as compared to the baseline approaches. Nomenclature S set of sensors deployed in the sensing field s i current sensor id sensor's unique identifier r s sensing range of a sensor r c communication range of a sensor L location of a sensor E residual energy of a sensor N set of neighbouring sensors d required moving distance of a sensor R redundancy ratio of a sensor A two overlapping area between two neighbouring sensors A three overlapping area between three neighbouring sensors ζ redundancy threshold ρ eligibility quotient

Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Algorithm for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

“…Thus, each communication initiated by a cluster member to a destination inside the cluster must pass by the CH. WMSNs also experience failures for a variety of reasons such as network hole problems [39,40], which have a great impact on the network during data transmission from source to destination. To handle this problem, we use a multipath routing algorithm as explained in Section 4.…”