Fuzzy Analysis in Creative Problem Solving

Carey, Russell L.

doi:10.1177/107621758400700212

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Next, the contents of rhoptries are discharged and are thought to be critical for biogenesis of the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) that envelops the parasite during invasion and its interaction with host cellular organelles (10,11). Finally, dense granules proteins (DGs) are exocytosed both during and after invasion and are thought to function in intracellular survival and replication (12)(13)(14). Recent studies have also suggested that the parasite releases products capable of manipulating the host immune response (15,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Opportunistic Pathogen Toxoplasma gondii Deploys a Diverse Legion of Invasion and Survival Proteins

Zhou

Kafsack

Cole³

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

122

108

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Host cell invasion is an essential step during infection by Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan that causes the severe opportunistic disease toxoplasmosis in humans. Recent evidence strongly suggests that proteins discharged from Toxoplasma apical secretory organelles (micronemes, dense granules, and rhoptries) play key roles in host cell invasion and survival during infection. However, to date, only a limited number of secretory proteins have been discovered, and the full spectrum of effector molecules involved in parasite invasion and survival remains unknown. To address these issues, we analyzed a large cohort of freely released Toxoplasma secretory proteins by using two complementary methodologies, two-dimensional electrophoresis/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (MudPIT, shotgun proteomics). Visualization of Toxoplasma secretory products by two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed ϳ100 spots, most of which were successfully identified by protein microsequencing or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry analysis. Many proteins were present in multiple species suggesting they are subjected to substantial posttranslational modification. Shotgun proteomic analysis of the secretory fraction revealed several additional products, including novel putative adhesive proteins, proteases, and hypothetical secretory proteins similar to products expressed by other related parasites including Plasmodium, the etiologic agent of malaria. A subset of novel proteins were re-expressed as fusions to yellow fluorescent protein, and this initial screen revealed shared and distinct localizations within secretory compartments of T. gondii tachyzoites. These findings provided a uniquely broad view of Toxoplasma secretory proteins that participate in parasite survival and pathogenesis during infection.

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confidence: 99%

The Opportunistic Pathogen Toxoplasma gondii Deploys a Diverse Legion of Invasion and Survival Proteins

Zhou

Kafsack

Cole³

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

122

108

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“…I. Pentafluorophenylation of Benzene with C 6 F 5 N 2 + BF 4 - and Catalytic Amounts of Sodium Iodide. The diazonium group in the pentafluorobenzenediazonium cation could be readily replaced with an iodo substituent …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal (Iodide) and Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Catalysis in Biaryl Synthesis via Aromatic Arylations with Diazonium Salts

1997

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The dediazoniative arylation of various aromatic hydrocarbons (Ar‘H) with diazonium salts (ArN2 +) in acetonitrile can be readily effected to biaryls (Ar-Ar‘) in high yields, simply by the addition of small (catalytic) amounts of sodium iodide. [In the absence of Ar‘H, the competitive iodination to ArI is nearly quantitative.] Iodide catalysis of biaryl formation is efficiently mediated by aryl radicals (Ar•) that participate in an efficient homolytic chain process in which ArN2 + acts as a 1-electron oxidant. The complex kinetics of such an electron-transfer chain or ETC process (Scheme 1) is quantitatively verified by computer simulation of the Ar‘H-dependent (a) competition between arylation vs iodination and (b) catalytic efficiency of iodide, using the GEAR algorithms. ETC catalysis also pertains to the alternative photochemical procedure for arylation (in the absence of iodide), in which the deliberate irradiation of the charge-transfer band of the precursor complex [ArN2 +, Ar‘H] initiates the same homolytic chain arylation. The latter underscores the mechanistic generality of the ETC formulation for various types of catalytic dediazoniations of aromatic diazonium salts.

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“…3 Firstly, mixed the above abrasive uniformly, then pressed the abrasive into ring by mould, finely high temperature sintered the pressed abrasive. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. After the gridding head prepared ,bonded the gridding head and resin together ,then installed to drilling machine and started experiment, the drilling machine rotating at the speed of 500r/min,griding pressure is 5Kg.This experiment includes coarse grinding and fine grinding ,firstly, using the prepared gridding head coarse gridded 4min,then ,fine gridding 4mine by using the wool fibers and 200-260 mesh.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on New Technology of Removing Abandoned Tobacco Zinc Plate Coating by Using Mechanical Method

Zou

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2012

AMR

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The traditional method to remove zinc coating from matrix has some problems, such as complicated process, expensive cost, and environmental pollution problems. In our article, mechanical method is proposed to remove zinc from galvanized sheet. Using this method, In the paper, the galvanized sheet can reused by an easy and low-cost method. The paper mainly introduces the technological process, best choice of abrasive material and analysis of the results. Under laboratory conditions, this study has achieved some achievements, which has some guiding significance for removing abandoned tobacco zinc coating in future practical production.

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Fuzzy Analysis in Creative Problem Solving

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Opportunistic Pathogen Toxoplasma gondii Deploys a Diverse Legion of Invasion and Survival Proteins

The Opportunistic Pathogen Toxoplasma gondii Deploys a Diverse Legion of Invasion and Survival Proteins

Thermal (Iodide) and Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Catalysis in Biaryl Synthesis via Aromatic Arylations with Diazonium Salts

Study on New Technology of Removing Abandoned Tobacco Zinc Plate Coating by Using Mechanical Method

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