Future wood demands and ecosystem services trade-offs: A policy analysis in Norway

Vergarechea, Marta; Astrup, Rasmus; Fischer, Christoph; Øistad, Knut; Blattert, Clemens; Hartikainen, Markus; Eyvindson, Kyle; Fulvio, F. Di; Forsell, Nicklas; Burgas, Daniel; Caicoya, Astor Toraño; Mönkkönen, Mikko; Antón‐Fernández, Clara

doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102899

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…The conflicts would emerge between groups using different services (e.g., recreationists vs foresters [8,112]) as soon as the trees are harvested, i.e., the wood production service is actually used. The demonstrated synergies only apply to the 'capacity' level of the cascade; following the removal of trees, the potential of all non-timber services would decrease, and the level of the tradeoffs depending on the forest management regime [113,114]. Recovery and the restoration of multiple ecosystem service potentials may be non-linear and may require a very long period of time, especially in old-growth forests [115].…”

Section: Interrelations Between Ecosystem Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding the Green Grass in the Haystack? Integrated National Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Condition in Hungary, in Support of Conservation and Planning

et al. 2023

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Human well-being needs healthy ecosystems, providing multiple ecosystem services. Therefore, the assessment of ecosystems on large scales is a priority action. In Hungary, this work (MAES-HU) took place between 2016 and 2022. Twelve ecosystem services (ES) were mapped and assessed along with several ecosystem condition (EC) indicators. Their integrated spatial analysis aimed to identify patterns of ES multifunctionality, reveal relationships between EC and ES and delineate ES bundles. The results show outstanding multifunctionality of natural ecosystem types compared with the more artificial types, emphasizing the importance of natural areas in order to fulfil human needs. Native forests provide the most varied range of services, which underlines the importance of forest management to consider multiple services. There is a positive correlation between condition and multifunctionality in forests; areas in better condition (in terms of species composition and structure) provide more services at an outstanding level. ES bundles mainly reflect the major ecosystem types, topography and forest condition. Our analysis represents an example of synthesizing national MAES results with a combination of methods. Finding ES hotspots on a national scale and connecting them with an assessment of EC may help in finding optimal strategies to balance conservation targets and competing land uses.

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Section: Interrelations Between Ecosystem Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding the Green Grass in the Haystack? Integrated National Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Condition in Hungary, in Support of Conservation and Planning

et al. 2023

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“…In each study area there is at least one indicator corresponding to each ecosystem service and biodiversity. To select the ecosystem services indicators and include them in our analysis we applied two criteria: indicators should be addressed in the national policies and could be calculated from available data, in this case, data from National Forest Inventories (Blatter et al, 2022;Vergarechea et al, 2023;. In this way, we addressed a wide spectrum of ecosystem services instead of having only a common minimum set of indicators.…”

Section: Forest Ecosystem Service Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We defined three policy scenarios for each study area (the Forest Scenario, Biodiversity Scenario, and Bioeconomy Scenario) based on the three main national policy documents which reflect the goals and governance mechanism for ecosystem services provision. The policy scenarios were represented by independent strategies (Finland and Germany) (Blattert et al 2022), a combination of policy strategies with an analysis of the parliament white paper on forest policy 11 (Norway) (Vergarechea et al 2023), or specific reports advising policy implementation (Sweden) (Blattert, et al 20023) conducted under the advice of key stakeholders. This variation in policy scenario definition among countries reflects the national differences in policy cultures and levels of national policy dissensus or consensus related to ecosystem services governances.…”

Section: Forest Ecosystem Service Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What drives forest multifunctionality in central and northern Europe? Exploring the interplay of management, climate, and policies

Toraño Caicoya,

Vergarechea,

Blattert

et al. 2023

Ecosystem Services

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“…Alarmed by the continued loss of biodiversity and the threat this poses to nature and human well-being (CBD, 2022a), nature conservation and the designation of more protected areas are high on the political agenda. In December 2022, parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) agreed to con-trade-offs between biodiversity protection and other forest ecosystem services, such as timber production (Blattert et al, 2020;Gutsch et al, 2018;Vergarechea et al, 2023) and carbon sequestration in forests and forest products (EU, 2018;Nabuurs et al, 2018;Werner et al, 2010). In addition, transnational leakage effects (Meyfroidt et al, 2020) of forest conservation need to be considered because conservation can create incentives for third parties to increase timber harvesting elsewhere (Gan & McCarl, 2007;Jonsson et al, 2012;Kallio et al, 2018;Li et al, 2008;Schier et al, 2022;Sohngen et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leakage of biodiversity risks under the European Union Biodiversity Strategy 2030

Fischer,

Zhunusova,

Günter

et al. 2024

Conservation Biology

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The European Union Biodiversity Strategy 2030 (EUBDS) aims to regain biodiversity through enhanced forest conservation and protection, which may lead to increased timber harvest in non‐EU countries. We aimed to identify the potential leakage of biodiversity risks as induced by the EUBDS. We created an indicator framework that allows one to quantify vulnerability of forest biodiversity. The framework is based on 26 biodiversity indicators for which indicator values were publicly available. We weighted single indicator values with countrywise modeled data on changed timber production under EUBDS implementation. Nearly 80% of the indicators pointed to higher vulnerability in the affected non‐EU countries. Roundwood production was transferred to countries with, on average, lower governance quality (p = 0.0001), political awareness (p = 0.548), forest coverage (p = 0.034) and biomass (p = 0.272) and with less sustainable forest management (p = 0.044 and p = 0.028). These countries had more natural habitats (p = 0.039) and intact forest landscapes (p = 0.0001) but higher risk of species extinction (p = 0.006) and less protected area (p = 0.0001) than the EU countries. Only a few indicators pointed to lower vulnerability and biodiversity risks outside the EU. Safeguards are needed to ensure that implementation of EUBDS does not cause harm to ecosystems elsewhere. The EU regulation on deforestation‐free supply chains might have limited effects because the sustainable management of existing and even expanding forests is not well considered. Sustained roundwood production in the EU is needed to avoid placing more pressure on more vulnerable ecosystems elsewhere. Decreasing species and habitat indicator values nevertheless call for global conservation and protection schemes. The EUBDS helped pave the way to the Kunming‐Montreal Biodiversity Framework. Yet, lower values for the indicators mean governance and biodiversity engagement in non‐EU countries suggest that this global framework might not sufficiently prevent leakage of risks to biodiversity. Effective land‐use planning is necessary to balance conservation schemes with roundwood production.Article Impact statement: Enhanced forest conservation in the EU shifts roundwood production to more vulnerable countries and increases risks to biodiversity globally.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Future wood demands and ecosystem services trade-offs: A policy analysis in Norway

Cited by 14 publications

References 75 publications

Finding the Green Grass in the Haystack? Integrated National Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Condition in Hungary, in Support of Conservation and Planning

Finding the Green Grass in the Haystack? Integrated National Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Condition in Hungary, in Support of Conservation and Planning

What drives forest multifunctionality in central and northern Europe? Exploring the interplay of management, climate, and policies

Leakage of biodiversity risks under the European Union Biodiversity Strategy 2030

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