Future research directions on the physics of explosive volcanic eruptions

Gilbert, Jennifer; Sparks, R. S. J.

doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1996.145.01.01

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Un parámetro textural indispensable en la descripción de los fragmentos piroclásticos es la vesicularidad (Houghton & Wilson, 1989;Gilbert & Sparks, 1998) tratada en términos de porcentaje en volumen (%), distribución de tamaños, forma, grosor de las paredes (Navon & Lyakhovsky, 1998), grado de conectividad (Klug & Cashman, 1994) y modificaciones de tamaño y forma, por ejemplo por coalescencia y/o colapso (Thomas et al, 1994;Gardner et al, 1996;Klug & Cashman, 1996). Varios de estos parámetros se obtienen en el laboratorio: los métodos más usados para la distribución de tamaños, formas y grosor de las paredes incluye el análisis de imágenes en 2D (Cashman & Mangan, 1994;Rust & Cashman, 2004;Shea et al, 2010) y en 3D (Giachetti et al, 2011); o mediante el uso de porosímetros de mercurio (cf., Whithman & Sparks, 1986;Bouvet de Maisonneuve et al, 2009).…”

Section: Vesicularidadunclassified

Depósitos volcaniclásticos: términos y conceptos para una clasificación en español

Murcia

Borrero

Pardo

et al. 2011

Rev. Geol. Amér. Central

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ABSTRACT:The terms used to define the clastic deposits related to volcanic activity have important implications for the society in volcanic regions. Taking into account the importance of using a common terminology when considering natural hazards in the Spanish-speaking world, this study presents a classification of volcaniclastic deposits. This classification attempts to integrate the terminology related to the formational and depositional processes (eruptive and non-eruptive) taking place at volcanoes with the resulting volcaniclastic deposits and their constituent components. The classification emphasizes on how both physical and temporal variations in volcanic activity are responsible for observed differences in the related deposits. The purpose of this classification is to be a reference for the Spanishspeaking scientific community in order to avoid the numerous inconsistencies derived from the existing translations from multiple authors. Additionally, we present a flow diagram in both Spanish and English to illustrate that this classification system can be used to define and classify consolidated/lithified, and unconsolidated deposits. The appropriate classification of volcaniclastic deposits and their constituents can ultimately improve the definition and communication of potential volcanic hazards.

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Section: Vesicularidadunclassified

Depósitos volcaniclásticos: términos y conceptos para una clasificación en español

Murcia

Borrero

Pardo

et al. 2011

Rev. Geol. Amér. Central

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“…4). Pumice clasts from the Plinian fall deposits span a wide range of bulk vesicularities but have similar permeabilities (0.5-5.0× 10 -12 m 2 ), a permeability range characteristic of pumice from many fall deposits (Klug and Cashman 1996;Gilbert and Sparks 1998;Tait et al 1998;Saar and Manga 1999). By contrast, clast permeability in longtube pumice from the Wineglass Welded Tuff is highly variable (10 -13 to 3×10 -11 m 2 ) over a relatively small range in vesicularity (78-81%), reflecting a strong permeability anisotropy in clasts with highly elongate vesicles.…”

Section: Whole-clast Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and physical characteristics of pumice from the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama (Crater Lake), Oregon

Klug

Cashman

Bacon

2002

Bulletin of Volcanology

213

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The vesicularity, permeability, and structure of pumice clasts provide insight into conditions of vesiculation and fragmentation during Plinian fall and pyroclastic flow-producing phases of the ~7,700 cal. year B.P. climactic eruption of Mount Mazama (Crater Lake), Oregon. We show that bulk properties (vesicularity and permeability) can be correlated with internal textures and that the clast structure can be related to inferred changes in eruption conditions. The vesicularity of all pumice clasts is 75-88%, with >90% interconnected pore volume. However, pumice clasts from the Plinian fall deposits exhibit a wider vesicularity range and higher volume percentage of interconnected vesicles than do clasts from pyroclastic-flow deposits. Pumice permeabilities also differ between the two clast types, with pumice from the fall deposit having higher minimum permeabilities (~5×10 -13 m 2 ) and a narrower permeability range (5-50×10 -13 m 2 ) than clasts from pyroclastic-flow deposits (0.2-330×10 -13 m 2 ). The observed permeability can be modeled to estimate average vesicle aperture radii of 1-5 µm for the fall deposit clasts and 0.25-1 µm for clasts from the pyroclastic flows. High vesicle number densities (~10 9 cm -3 ) in all clasts suggest that bubble nucleation occurred rapidly and at high supersaturations. Post-nucleation modifications to bubble populations include both bubble growth and coalescence. A single stage of bubble nucleation and growth can account for 35-60% of the vesicle population in clasts from the fall deposits, and 65-80% in pumice from pyroclastic flows. Large vesicles form a separate population which defines a power law distribution with fractal dimension D=3.3 (range 3.0-3.5). The large D value, coupled with textural evidence, suggests that the large vesicles formed primarily by coalescence. When viewed together, the bulk properties (vesicularity, permeability) and textural characteristics of all clasts indicate rapid bubble nucleation followed by bubble growth, coalescence and permeability development. This sequence of events is best explained by nucleation in response to a downward-propagating decompression wave, followed by rapid bubble growth and coalescence prior to magma disruption by fragmentation. The heterogeneity of vesicle sizes and shapes, and the absence of differential expansion across individual clasts, suggest that post-fragmentation expansion played a limited role in the development of pumice structure. The higher vesicle number densities and lower permeabilities of pyroclastic-flow clasts indicate limited coalescence and suggest that fragmentation occurred shortly after decompression. Either increased eruption velocities or increased depth of fragmentation accompanying caldera collapse could explain compression of the pre-fragmentation vesiculation interval.Editorial responsibility: M. Rosi

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“…This period of volcanic activity has been little studied al- 1 Lavrent'ev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; kedr@hydro.nsc.ru. 2 International Shock Wave Institute, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosive Eruption of Volcanoes: Some Approaches to Simulation

Kedrinskii

Makarov

Stebnovskii

et al. 2005

Combust Explos Shock Waves

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This paper gives results from experimental studies of the structure dynamics of liquid samples with viscosity in the range 0.001-2.6 Pa · sec during their breakdown as a result of dynamic decompression. Studies of the breakdown of liquid mixtures and liquids saturated with carbon dioxide have shown that in the indicated range of viscosity, the breakdown develops by a combination mechanism which involves the development of bubble cavitation and the formation of a system of large bubble clusters and gas slugs in them due to bubble coalescence. In this case, the flow structure changes markedly: discontinuous flow with vertical flow stratification develops accompanied by separation into jets with their subsequent breakup into drops. The probability of the presence of crystalline clusters in magma and their effect on the structure of "cavitating magma-crystalline clusters" type flows is discussed.

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Future research directions on the physics of explosive volcanic eruptions

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Depósitos volcaniclásticos: términos y conceptos para una clasificación en español

Depósitos volcaniclásticos: términos y conceptos para una clasificación en español

Structure and physical characteristics of pumice from the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama (Crater Lake), Oregon

Explosive Eruption of Volcanoes: Some Approaches to Simulation

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