Future perspectives of run-of-the-river hydropower and the impact of glaciers’ shrinkage: The case of Italian Alps

Patro, Epari Ritesh; Michele, Carlo De; Avanzi, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.063

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Depending on the time period considered and the ensemble of glaciers studied, estimated glacier area changes vary broadly from −1.5 % a −1 to −0.5 % a −1 . Paul et al (2004) derived area changes for 938 Swiss glaciers and used these to extrapolate a loss of 675 km 2 for all glaciers in the European Alps over the period 1973-1998/1999 (corresponding to a 22 % mass loss, or about −0.85 % a −1 /26 km 2 a −1 ). For Austria, area changes of −1.2 % a −1 were observed for the period 1998-2004/2012 (A. .…”

Section: Glacier Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These numbers are difficult to directly compare with values from the literature, as different time periods are considered (implying also a different reference area), and as the area losses strongly depend on size of the considered glaciers (e.g. Paul et al, 2004;Fischer et al, 2014), which also varies between studies. However, a qualitative comparison suggests that the modelled area changes are in general slightly lower than the observations.…”

Section: Glacier Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps under the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble

2019

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Abstract. Glaciers in the European Alps play an important role in the hydrological cycle, act as a source for hydroelectricity and have a large touristic importance. The future evolution of these glaciers is driven by surface mass balance and ice flow processes, of which the latter is to date not included explicitly in regional glacier projections for the Alps. Here, we model the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps with GloGEMflow, an extended version of the Global Glacier Evolution Model (GloGEM), in which both surface mass balance and ice flow are explicitly accounted for. The mass balance model is calibrated with glacier-specific geodetic mass balances and forced with high-resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble. The evolution of the total glacier volume in the coming decades is relatively similar under the various representative concentrations pathways (RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5), with volume losses of about 47 %–52 % in 2050 with respect to 2017. We find that under RCP2.6, the ice loss in the second part of the 21st century is relatively limited and that about one-third (36.8 % ± 11.1 %, multi-model mean ±1σ) of the present-day (2017) ice volume will still be present in 2100. Under a strong warming (RCP8.5) the future evolution of the glaciers is dictated by a substantial increase in surface melt, and glaciers are projected to largely disappear by 2100 (94.4±4.4 % volume loss vs. 2017). For a given RCP, differences in future changes are mainly determined by the driving global climate model (GCM), rather than by the RCM, and these differences are larger than those arising from various model parameters (e.g. flow parameters and cross-section parameterisation). We find that under a limited warming, the inclusion of ice dynamics reduces the projected mass loss and that this effect increases with the glacier elevation range, implying that the inclusion of ice dynamics is likely to be important for global glacier evolution projections.

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Section: Glacier Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glacier Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps under the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble

2019

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“…Hanzer et al, 2018;Huss and Hock, 2018), hydroelectricity production (e.g. Milner et al, 2017;Patro et al, 2018) and for touristic purposes (e.g. Fischer et al, 2011;Welling et al, 2015;Stewart et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps under the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble

Zekollari¹,

Huss²,

Farinotti³

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Glaciers in the European Alps play an important role in the hydrological cycle, act as a source for hydroelectricity and have a large touristic importance. The future evolution of these glaciers is driven by surface mass balance and ice flow processes, which the latter is to date not included in regional glacier projections for the Alps. Here, we model the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps with GloGEMflow, an extended version of the Global Glacier Evolution Model (GloGEM), in which both surface mass balance and ice flow are explicitly accounted for. The mass balance model is calibrated with glacier-specific geodetic mass balances, and forced with high-resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble. The evolution of the total glacier volume in the coming decades is relatively similar under the various representative concentrations pathways (RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5), with volume losses of about 47–52 % in 2050 with respect to 2017. We find that under RCP2.6, the ice loss in the second part of the 21st century is relatively limited and that about one-third (36.8 % ± 11.1 %) of the present-day (2017) ice volume will still present in 2100. Under a strong warming (RCP8.5) the future evolution of the glaciers is dictated by a substantial increase in surface melt, and glaciers are projected to largely disappear by 2100 (94.4 ± 4.4 % volume loss vs. 2017). For a given RCP, differences in future changes are mainly determined by the driving global climate model, rather than by the RCM that is coupled to it, and these differences are larger than those arising from various model parameters. We find that under a limited warming, the inclusion of ice dynamics reduces the projected mass loss and that this effect increases with the glacier elevation range, implying that the inclusion of ice dynamics is likely to be important for global glacier evolution projections.

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“…EPR analysis has been carried out to understand the chemical environment and oxidation state of the metal center (nickel and tungsten) into this bimetallic phosphonate framework material. XPS analysis as shown above revealed that Ni(II) is having d 8 and W(VI) with f 14 configuration in NiWPPA-4 material. As Ni(II) is also paramagnetic so we get the EPR signal at 311.83 mT [48] (Figure S2).…”

Section: Spectroscopic Analysismentioning

confidence: 68%

A New Porous Ni‐W Mixed Metal Phosphonate Open Framework Material for Efficient Photoelectrochemical OER

2020

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Photoelectrochemical water oxidation or oxygen evolution reaction (PEC‐OER) at the semiconductor surfaces has attracted huge attention over the years as it plays key role for energetically demanding processes like fuel cells, water splitting, and rechargeable metal‐air batteries. Thus, development of sustainable, abundant and economical semiconductor nanomaterials as the catalyst for photoelectrochemical water oxidation reaction is very challenging in achieving high efficiency in the overall water splitting reaction. Herein, we report a new porous Ni−W mixed metal phosphonate material NiWPPA‐4 with open framework structure through simple hydrothermal route and its crystalline framework has been indexed into a new orthorhombic crystal with unit cell dimensions: a=14.5506 Å, b=17.6445 Å, c=20.1766 Å and α=β=γ=90°. NiWPPA‐4 has been successfully utilized for photoelectrochemical OER from moderately basic medium [1(M) KOH] under constant irradiation of 100 mWcm−1 light source. Semiconducting property together with nanoscale porosity in the Ni−W mixed metal phosphonate is responsible for photoelectrochemical OER in alkaline pH. To the best of our knowledge it is the first report on a mixed metal phosphonate material, which showed excellent catalytic activity in the photoelectrochemical OER. The onset‐potential of NiWPPA‐4 prepared over ITO coated glass was only −410 mV vs Ag/AgCl and the oxygen evolution rate is 275 μmol g−1. This study thus established efficient photoelectrochemical OER on porous mixed‐metal phosphonates and offer opportunities for the utilization of metal phosphonates as potential photocatalyst in the energy conversion processes.

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Future perspectives of run-of-the-river hydropower and the impact of glaciers’ shrinkage: The case of Italian Alps

Cited by 37 publications

References 117 publications

Modelling the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps under the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble

Modelling the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps under the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble

Modelling the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps under the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble

A New Porous Ni‐W Mixed Metal Phosphonate Open Framework Material for Efficient Photoelectrochemical OER

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