Future perspective on redox flow batteries: aqueous versus nonaqueous electrolytes

Tang, Lina; Leung, Puiki; Xu, Qian; Mohamed, Mohd Rusllim; Zhu, Xun; Flox, Cristina; Shah, Akeel A.

doi:10.1016/j.coche.2022.100833

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Most notably, opening RFBs up to organics opens up to a plethora of solvents, each with its own limitations [89]. One major contributing factor to increasing theoretical energy densities is the increase in the potential stability window for many organic solvents compared to water [90]. Since the first report on the concept on non-aqueous flow batteries in 1984 [91], however, the large number of contributions seems to have converged to a select few promising organic media to consider for AORFBs, fairly independent of changes in the electrolyte structure (Figure 7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the quasi-reversibility in cyclic voltammetry, the coulombic efficiency of the catholyte-anolyte pair was shown to be 90% over the first 20 charge-discharge cycles in acetonitrile. The higher overall capital costs of organic solvents and supporting electrolytes, such as bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI -) and PF 6 − , put the AORFB at a disadvantage to its aqueous counterpart, but increasingly, higher current densities (15-100 mA cm −2 ) and energy densities are being reached to achieve the set-out goal of >$100 (kW h) −1 [90]. Shortly after the pioneering work involving N-methylphthalimide and TEMPO, many alternative all-organic catholyte-anolyte pairs started to appear, along with some bipolar electrolytes (capable of both functions simultaneously [106]), showing great promise for the design of next-generation RFBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Building Bridges: Unifying Design and Development Aspects for Advancing Non-Aqueous Redox-Flow Batteries

et al. 2022

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Renewable energy sources have been a topic of ever-increasing interest, not least due to escalating environmental changes. The significant rise of research into energy harvesting and storage over the years has yielded a plethora of approaches and methodologies, and associated reviews of individual aspects thereof. Here, we aim at highlighting a rather new avenue within the field of batteries, the (noaqueous) all-organic redox-flow battery, albeit seeking to provide a comprehensive and wide-ranging overview of the subject matter that covers all associated aspects. This way, subject matter on a historical perspective, general types of redox-flow cells, electrolyte design and function, flow kinetics, and cell design are housed within one work, providing perspective on the all-organic redox-flow battery in a broader sense.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Bridges: Unifying Design and Development Aspects for Advancing Non-Aqueous Redox-Flow Batteries

et al. 2022

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“…Of all rechargeable battery technologies, the redox ow battery (RFB) adopting metal or organic redox actives dissolved in aqueous electrolyte solutions shows the greatest promise for grid applications, [1][2][3] as safety concerns in relation to re and explosion of the battery are fully overcome. To date, various redox chemistries have been reported for use in redox ow batteries, such as iron-chromium RFBs, 4,5 all-vanadium RFBs, [6][7][8] zinc based RFBs, [9][10][11] all-iron RFBs, 12,13 organic RFBs, 14 etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting anode kinetics in vanadium flow batteries with catalytic bismuth nanoparticle decorated carbon felt via electro-deoxidization processing

et al. 2023

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“…Redox-active electrolytes based on quinones, viologen, TEMPO, phenazine, and alloxazine derivatives are among the most evaluated organic molecules for aqueous redox flow batteries. − However, only a few anthraquinone, phenazine, and viologen derivatives demonstrated long-term stability. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzidine Derivatives as Electroactive Materials for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

Flores-Leonar,

Acosta-Tejada,

Laguna

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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This paper presents a theoretical and experimental evaluation of benzidine derivatives as electroactive molecules for organic redox flow batteries. These redox indicators are novel electroactive materials that can perform multielectron transfers in aqueous media. We performed the synthesis, electrochemical characterization, and theoretical study of the dimer of sodium 4diphenylamine sulfonate, a benzidine derivative with high water solubility properties. The Pourbaix diagram of the dimer shows a bielectronic process at highly acidic pH values (≤ 0.9) and two single-electron transfers in a pH range from 0 to 9. The dimer was prepared in situ and tested on a neutral electrochemical flow cell as a stability diagnostic. To improve cell performance, we calculate and calibrate, with experimental data, the Pourbaix diagrams of benzidine derivatives using different substitution patterns and functional groups. A screening process allowed the selection of those derivatives with a bielectronic process in the entire pH window or at acidic/neutral pH values. Given the redox potential difference, they can be potential catholytes or anolytes in a flow cell. The couples formed with the final candidates can generate a theoretical cell voltage of 0.60 V at pH 0 and up to 0.68 V at pH 7. These candidate molecules could be viable as electroactive materials for a full-organic redox flow battery.

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Future perspective on redox flow batteries: aqueous versus nonaqueous electrolytes

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Building Bridges: Unifying Design and Development Aspects for Advancing Non-Aqueous Redox-Flow Batteries

Building Bridges: Unifying Design and Development Aspects for Advancing Non-Aqueous Redox-Flow Batteries

Boosting anode kinetics in vanadium flow batteries with catalytic bismuth nanoparticle decorated carbon felt via electro-deoxidization processing

Benzidine Derivatives as Electroactive Materials for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

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