Future of renewable energies in Iran

Diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis using waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network

“…Biodiesel is typically produced through the reaction of a vegetable oil or animal fat with methanol in the presence of a catalyst to yield glycerin and methyl esters [6, 7 and 8]. The blend of 75:25 ester/diesel (B25) gave the best performance [8,9]. Among the attractive features of biodiesel fuel are: (i) it is plant, not petroleum-derived, and as such its combustion does not increase current net atmospheric levels of CO 2 a "greenhouse" gas; (ii) it can be domestically produced, offering the possibility of reducing petroleum imports; (iii) it is biodegradable; and (iv) relative to conventional diesel fuel, its combustion products have reduced levels of particulates, carbon monoxide, and, under some conditions, nitrogen oxides.…”

Iran’s energy scenarios on a 20-year vision

“…Table 4 shows the geothermal potential regions in Iran and their areas (Yousefi et al 2007). Iran has substantial geothermal potential in the north and northern provinces, and there are several hot water springs, the temperature of some of which reaches to 85°C (Ghobadian et al 2009). Potential areas of geothermal resources in Iran are shown in Fig.…”

To Re-Explore the Causality between Barriers to Renewable Energy Development: A Case Study of Wind Energy

“…Secondly, as far as choosing the variables (barriers) is concerned, due to the difficulty of data collection, a complex model might not necessarily contribute to the development of wind energy in developing countries; on the contrary, a clear and simple result of the analysis provides better clearer insights. Therefore, this study selected important developing countries over the last six years and their wind energy development-related issues [1,8,9,12,14,17,22,26,28,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51], in order to inspect common obstacles from the economic, social, technological, policy and environmental dimensions, which focused on 11 issues: the policy aspect-the lack of national policies and appropriate power purchase agreements (PPA); the economic aspect-the lack of fiscal incentives and high investment costs; the social aspect-the lack of social promotional measures with local infrastructure deficiencies; the technical aspect-insufficient R&D capabilities, lack of projects and technology information, and necessary equipment for wind energy; and the environmental aspect-limitations over site availability, and the wind energy intermittency. Some other issues such as country-specific and region-specific barriers (for example: hurricanes, dust storms, etc.…”

“…Namely, aside from the decision maker's determination for RE development, the enhancement of the integration of the electricity grid, expansion of infrastructure, and increased industrial innovative ability seem to be the priorities for China's future development of wind energy. Other related researches include the development of wind energy in the past, present and future [22,43], the potential of wind energy and strategies to promote RE market penetration [1,26,44],the restrictions of RE technology applications and coping measures [8,45], the potential of RE development, its current status and future prospects [46][47][48][49], the analysis of RE technology feasibility and the importance of public awareness [9], RE technology applied in rural areas [50], and clean energy and responses to energy-efficient technological improvement and obstacles [51]. In summary, if policy makers are determined to promote the penetration of RE, in addition to the necessary innovative policy framework, future areas that decision-makers should endeavor to address included the related technologies (i.e., the information of wind energy development and technology), the environment (i.e., the usability of the site), and social factors (i.e., public education and improvement of public awareness).…”