Future of Asian horseshoe crab conservation under explicit baseline gaps: A global perspective

Wang, Chun Chieh; Kwan, Kit Yue; Shin, Paul K.S.; Cheung, S.G.; Itaya, Shinji; Iwasaki, Yumiko; Cai, Lei; Mohamad, Faridah; Fairuz-Fozi, Nur; Zauki, Nurul Ashikin Mat; Raman, Noor Jawahir A.; Chatterji, Anil; Tripathy, Basudev; Sajan, Sheikh; Min, Wah Wah; Tan, Lester Jin Xiang; Supadminingsih, Fahresa Nugraheni; Wardiatno, Yusli; Hsieh, Hwey‐Lian

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01373

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In Indonesia, the mangrove horseshoe crabs can be easily found along North Java coastal waters, such as in Indramayu, Subang, Semarang, Demak, Rembang, Sumenep, Bangkalan, Probolinggo, Gresik, and Lamongan. However, the horseshoe crab is experiencing pressure and conservation problems, so it needs research as a baseline for future management (Wang et al, 2020). Current studies on horseshoe crabs in Indonesia cover their biological aspects, such as taxonomy and morphology (Meilana et al, 2016;Sumarmin et al, 2017;Erwyansyah et al, 2018;Aini et al, 2020), reproductive biology (Eidman et al, 1997), feeding habits (Nuraisah et al, 2020), and habitat distribution (Mashar et al, 2017;Erwyansyah et al, 2018;John et al, 2018a,b) solely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Marine Biomaterial: The Shell of Mangrove Horseshoe Crabs, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Latreille, 1802) Emphasizing Its Physico-Chemical Characteristics

et al. 2021

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The paper aims to elucidate the physico-chemical characteristics of the shell of mangrove horseshoe crabs (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) and determine the compilation matrix for the first time. The shell composition matrix of C. rotundicauda has never been studied in detail before, especially the shape of the foam, the chemical composition, the functional groups and the mechanical-physical and thermal properties of the shell. Based on this study, the shell structure of the mangrove horseshoe crab has the potential to be used as the base structure for developing bio-foam insulator material in the future. Therefore, the shell of mangrove horseshoe crabs has a unique natural structure in the form of foam. Its robust and elastic structure has the potential for further development for new marine biomaterials. The formation and composition of horseshoe crab shells foam are also believed to be multifunctional in mobility, used for defense mechanisms and thermal stability. The horseshoe crab samples were collected from Pacitan coastal waters, East Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted using physico-chemical and mechanical-physical analysis. The scanning electron microscopy was used in order to clarify the physico-chemical characteristics. The measurements of the mechanical-physical characteristics included density, unit cell size, and water absorption. The tensile strength and compressive strength were analyzed based on the American Society for Testing Material. Thermal resistance was measured by thermal gravimetric analysis. The results showed that the horseshoe crab shells have a unique structure, where chitin, protein and some minerals are the main chemical elements. The combination and major constituents of the horseshoe crab shell material provide strong and plastic mechanical properties with a maximum tensile strength of 60.46 kPa and maximum compressive strength of 110.55 kPa, water absorption of 0.01195 ± 0.001% and a density value of 0.1545 ± 0.011 g/cm3 as well as the capability to withstand thermal loads with peak decomposition values of 267.4–823.2°C and thermal stability of 60.59%. Using natural marine biomaterials in the future will be beneficial because it leaves no harmful residues and therefore has environmental advantages and at the same time, it is also more cost-effective.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Marine Biomaterial: The Shell of Mangrove Horseshoe Crabs, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Latreille, 1802) Emphasizing Its Physico-Chemical Characteristics

et al. 2021

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“…Zingiber officinale (ginger) extracts and its important secondary metabolites, namely-gingerol, shogaol, zingerone, etc., are reported to have plethora of pharmacological properties, for example, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory (Yeh et al, 2014;Oliveira et al, 2020;Venkateswaran et al, 2021), anti-obesity (Wang et al, 2017;Sampath et al, 2021), anti-diabetic (Al-Amin et al, 2006;Venkateswaran et al, 2021), anti-clotting (Thomson et al, 2002;Saputri, Nabila & Mun'im, 2017), antiviral (San Chang et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2020 a;Ahkam et al, 2020& Haridas et al, 2021, analgesic (Kravchenko et al, 2019) and many more. The recent advancements in the field of each therapeutic properties of ginger and its phytochemicals are discussed in detail in the following section.…”

Section: Pharmacological Properties Of Zingiber Officinalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in human population has resulted in urbanization which in turn has caused increased forest patchiness and natural habitat encroachment of tigers, reserve forests are now surrounded by human settlement and thus the tigers are forced to occupy spaces adjacent to human habitations (Wang et al, 2020). Killing of tigers and their prey, sea-level rise, wood collection were the highest ranked threats to the tigers (Aziz et al, 2013).…”

Section: Threats To Tigersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancement in Biological Sciences

2021

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“…However, horseshoe crabs are heavily harvested for their blood for the manufacture of Tachypleus and Limulus amebocyte lysates, the worldwide standardized tests for bacterial endotoxin detection in pharmaceutical products ( Gauvry, 2015 ; Tinker-Kulberg et al, 2020 ). In addition to resource exploitation, habitat loss and degradation from coastal development ( Tsuchiya, 2009 ; Nelson et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2020 ), as well as bycatch by artisanal fishing and discarded fishing gear, are also widely observed to cause considerable threats to horseshoe crab populations ( Zauki et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). The Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus and tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus are listed as “Vulnerable” ( Smith et al, 2016 ) and “Endangered” ( Laurie et al, 2019 ), respectively, in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, while the status of other two Asian species, the coastal horseshoe crab T. gigas and mangrove horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda are under reassessment owing to the recent reports describing substantial population declines ( John et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically mediated rheotaxis of endangered tri-spine horseshoe crab: potential dispersing mechanism to vegetated nursery habitats along the coast

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Wang

et al. 2022

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Background An enhanced understanding of larval ecology is fundamental to improve the management of locally depleted horseshoe crab populations in Asia. Recent studies in the northern Beibu Gulf, China demonstrated that nesting sites of Asian horseshoe crabs are typically close to their nursery beaches with high-density juveniles distributed around mangrove, seagrass and other structured habitats. Methods A laboratory Y-maze chamber was used to test whether the dispersal of early-stage juvenile tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus is facilitated by chemical cues to approach suitable nursery habitats. The juvenile orientation to either side of the chamber containing controlled seawater or another with various vegetation cues, as well as their movement time, the largest distance and displacement were recorded. Results The juveniles preferred to orient toward seagrass Halophila beccarii cues when the concentration reached 0.5 g l−1, but ceased at 2 g l−1. The results can be interpreted as a shelter-seeking process to get closer to the preferred settlement habitats. However, the juveniles exhibited avoidance behaviors in the presence of mangrove Avicennia marina and invasive saltmarsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora at 2 g l−1. The juveniles also spent less time moving in the presence of the A. marina cue, as well as reduced displacement in water containing the S. alterniflora cue at 1 and 2 g l−1. These results may explain the absence of juvenile T. tridentatus within densely vegetated areas, which have generally higher organic matter and hydrogen sulfide. Conclusion Early-stage juvenile T. tridentatus are capable of detecting and responding to habitat chemical cues, which can help guide them to high-quality settlement habitats. Preserving and restoring seagrass beds in the intertidal areas should be prioritized when formulating habitat conservation and management initiatives for the declining horseshoe crab populations.

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Future of Asian horseshoe crab conservation under explicit baseline gaps: A global perspective

Cited by 18 publications

References 55 publications

A New Marine Biomaterial: The Shell of Mangrove Horseshoe Crabs, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Latreille, 1802) Emphasizing Its Physico-Chemical Characteristics

A New Marine Biomaterial: The Shell of Mangrove Horseshoe Crabs, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Latreille, 1802) Emphasizing Its Physico-Chemical Characteristics

Recent Advancement in Biological Sciences

Chemically mediated rheotaxis of endangered tri-spine horseshoe crab: potential dispersing mechanism to vegetated nursery habitats along the coast

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