Future merger of the Milky Way with the Andromeda galaxy and the fate of their supermassive black holes

Schiavi, Riccardo; Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Roberto; Arca-Sedda, M.; Spera, M.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038674

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the literature the core separation is often quite large; here we assume merger when the cores approach within R gal = 80 kpc. Similar values are used, for example, in modeling of the Milky Way-M31 merger (e.g., Schiavi et al 2020). The MaDCoWS cluster galaxies are on average ∼2.75 mag brighter and thus more massive and larger (with R ∼ M 1/2 ; Chiosi & Merlin 2015).…”

Section: Duty-cycle Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-low-frequency Gravitational Waves from Massive Clusters at z ∼ 1

Wendt

Romani

2023

ApJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent progress with pulsar timing array experiments, especially from the NANOGrav collaboration, indicates that we are on the cusp of detecting significant signals from the inspiral of supermassive black hole (BH) binaries. While recent analysis has focused on nearby galaxies as possible sources of the loudest signals, we show that mergers in identified clusters at z ∼ 1 can have larger strain amplitudes. We make an estimate comparing the nearby Two Micron All Sky Survey redshift survey (2MASS) galaxy sample with the more distant Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWs) cluster sample, showing that the latter might be expected to contribute more, and louder, gravitational-wave events. Thus, the first individual source detections may well be from ultramassive BHs in clusters at z ∼ 1, rather than nearby galaxies.

show abstract

Section: Duty-cycle Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-low-frequency Gravitational Waves from Massive Clusters at z ∼ 1

Wendt

Romani

2023

ApJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…And of course, the relative velocity of the two spirals tells us directly about their future, will there be a merger or not? Armed with the velocity measurement, detailed modelling is then possible to determine what the properties of the different components will become (Hoffman et al 2007;Cox & Loeb 2008;van der Marel et al 2012b;Schiavi et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The proper motion of Andromeda from Gaia EDR3: confirming a nearly radial orbit

Salomon

Ibata

Reylé

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present an analysis of the proper motion of the Andromeda galaxy (M31), based on the Early Third Data Release of the Gaia mission. We use the Gaia photometry to select young blue main sequence stars, and apply several quality cuts to obtain clean samples of these tracers. After correcting the proper motion measurements for the internal rotation of the M31 disk motion, we derive an apparent motion of 52.5 ± 5.8 μas/yr with respect to the Gaia reference frame, or 61.9 ± 9.7 μas/yr after applying a zero-point correction determined from quasars within $20\deg$ from M31 and a correction from systemic biases. Accounting for the Solar reflex motion we deduce a relative velocity between Andromeda and the Milky way (in a non-rotating frame at the current location of the Sun) of 42.2 ± 39.3 km s−1 along right ascension (40.0 ± 39.3 km s−1 along galactic longitude) and −59.4 ± 30.3 km s−1 along declination (−60.9 ± 30.3 km s−1 along galactic latitude), with a total transverse velocity of Vtrans = 82.4 ± 31.2 km s−1. These values are consistent with (but more accurate than) earlier Hubble Space Telescope measurements that predict a future merger between the two galaxies. We also note a surprisingly large difference in the derived proper motion between the blue stars in M31 and samples of red stars that appear to lie in that galaxy. We propose several hypotheses to explain the discrepancy but found no clear evidence with the current data to privilege any one of them.

show abstract

“…Gendler). The Milky Way and Andromeda are neighboring galaxies expected to collide in a few billion years forming a merge galaxy ("Milkomeda") (Schiavi et al, 2020). cosmic diatomic molecule, to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which can have order of 10 8 carbon atoms, the search and detection of organic molecules in space contribute to our understanding of the emergence of life.…”

Section: The Organic Side Of the Galaxymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelations Between Astrochemistry and Galactic Dynamics

Mendoza

Duronea

Ronsó

et al. 2021

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a review of ideas that interconnect astrochemistry and galactic dynamics. Since these two areas are vast and not recent, each one has already been covered separately by several reviews. After a general historical introduction, and a needed quick review of processes such as stellar nucleosynthesis that gives the base to understand the interstellar formation of simple chemical compounds (e.g., H2, CO, NH3, and H2O), we focus on a number of topics that are at the crossing of the two big areas, dynamics and astrochemistry. Astrochemistry is a flourishing field that intends to study the presence and formation of molecules as well as the influence of them on the structure, evolution, and dynamics of astronomical objects. The progress in the knowledge on the existence of new complex molecules and of their process of formation originates from the observational, experimental, and theoretical areas that compose the field. The interfacing areas include star formation, protoplanetary disks, the role of the spiral arms, and the chemical abundance gradients in the galactic disk. It often happens that the physical conditions in some regions of the interstellar medium are only revealed by means of molecular observations. To organize a rough classification of chemical evolution processes, we discuss about how astrochemistry can act in three different contexts, namely, the chemistry of the early universe, including external galaxies, star-forming regions, and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and circumstellar envelopes. We mention that our research is stimulated by plans for instruments and projects, such as the ongoing Large Latin American Millimeter Array (LLAMA), which consists in the construction of a 12 m sub-mm radio telescope in the Andes. Thus, modern and new facilities can play a key role in new discoveries not only in astrochemistry but also in radio astronomy and related areas. Furthermore, the research on the origin of life is also a stimulating perspective.

show abstract

Future merger of the Milky Way with the Andromeda galaxy and the fate of their supermassive black holes

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Ultra-low-frequency Gravitational Waves from Massive Clusters at z ∼ 1

Ultra-low-frequency Gravitational Waves from Massive Clusters at z ∼ 1

The proper motion of Andromeda from Gaia EDR3: confirming a nearly radial orbit

Interrelations Between Astrochemistry and Galactic Dynamics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About