Future directions in air quality research: economic issues

Adams, Richard M.; Horst, R.L.

doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(02)00187-3

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the actual economic costs of O 3 ‐induced crop losses are difficult to assess, the total benefits resulting from various regulatory scenarios, mostly involving reductions of current ambient levels, ranged from about 0.1–2.5 B$ (in 1980 US dollars) in the United States (Adams & Horst 2003). Additionally, the US Environmental Protection Agency in its 1996 criteria document estimated annual national level losses to major crops to be in excess of 1 B$ (in 1990 US dollars) (US Environmental Protection Agency 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop responses to ozone: uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning

Fiscus

Booker

Burkey

2005

Plant Cell & Environment

463

347

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The inhibitory effects of tropospheric O 3 on crop photosynthesis, growth, and yield have been documented in numerous studies over the past 35 years. In large part, the results of this research supported governmental regulations designed to limit tropospheric O 3 levels to concentrations that affected crop production at economically acceptable levels. Recent studies have brought into question the efficacy of these concentration-based O 3 standards compared with flux-based approaches that incorporate O 3 uptake along with environmental and biotic factors that influence plant responses. In addition, recent studies provide insight into the biochemical mechanisms of O 3 injury to plants. Current interpretations suggest that upon entry into the leaf intercellular space O 3 rapidly reacts with components of the leaf apoplast to initiate a complex set of responses involving the formation of toxic metabolites and generation of plant defence responses that constitute variably effective countermeasures. Plant species and cultivars exhibit a range of sensitivity to O 3 , evident as heritable characteristics, that must reflect identifiable biochemical and molecular processes that affect sensitivity to O 3 injury, although their exact makeup remains unclear. Ozone clearly impairs photosynthetic processes, which might include the effects on electron transport and guard cell homeostasis as well as the better-documented effects on carbon fixation via decreased Rubisco activity. Translocation of photosynthate could be inhibited by O 3 exposure as well. Further, the influence of tropospheric O 3 needs to be considered when assessing potential effects of rising concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 on crop production. Advances in O 3 flux modelling and improved understanding of biochemical and molecular effects of O 3 on photosynthetic gas exchange and plant defence processes are leading to more complete, integrated assessments of O 3 impacts on crop physiology that continue to support the rationale for maintaining or improving current O 3 air quality standards as well as providing a basis for development of more O 3 -tolerant crop lines.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop responses to ozone: uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning

Fiscus

Booker

Burkey

2005

Plant Cell & Environment

463

347

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ozone is highly phytotoxic. It inhibits photosynthesis and other physiological processes, causing significant growth and yield losses in soybean, cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.), wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), and other crops, resulting in significant economic losses (Mauzerall & Wang, 2001; Adams & Horst, 2003). Tropospheric O 3 concentrations are projected to increase in future years as emissions of its precursors continue to grow (Prather et al ., 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of soybean grown under elevated concentrations of CO₂ and O₃

Booker

Prior

Torbert

et al. 2005

Global Change Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A critical global climate change issue is how increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 and ground-level O 3 will affect agricultural productivity. This includes effects on decomposition of residues left in the field and availability of mineral nutrients to subsequent crops. To address questions about decomposition processes, a 2-year experiment was conducted to determine the chemistry and decomposition rate of aboveground residues of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown under reciprocal combinations of low and high concentrations of CO 2 and O 3 in open-top field chambers. The CO 2 treatments were ambient (370 lmol mol À1 ) and elevated (714 lmol mol À1 ) levels (daytime 12 h averages). Ozone treatments were charcoal-filtered air (21 nmol mol À1 ) and nonfiltered air plus 1.5 times ambient O 3 (74 nmol mol À1 ) 12 h day À1 . Elevated CO 2 increased aboveground postharvest residue production by 28-56% while elevated O 3 suppressed it by 15-46%. In combination, inhibitory effects of added O 3 on biomass production were largely negated by elevated CO 2 . Plant residue chemistry was generally unaffected by elevated CO 2 , except for an increase in leaf residue lignin concentration. Leaf residues from the elevated O 3 treatments had lower concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates, but higher N, fiber, and lignin levels. Chemical composition of petiole, stem, and pod husk residues was only marginally affected by the elevated gas treatments. Treatment effects on plant biomass production, however, influenced the content of chemical constituents on an areal basis. Elevated CO 2 increased the mass per square meter of nonstructural carbohydrates, phenolics, N, cellulose, and lignin by 24-46%. Elevated O 3 decreased the mass per square meter of these constituents by 30-48%, while elevated CO 2 largely ameliorated the added O 3 effect. Carbon mineralization rates of component residues from the elevated gas treatments were not significantly different from the control. However, N immobilization increased in soils containing petiole and stem residues from the elevated CO 2 , O 3 , and combined gas treatments. Mass loss of decomposing leaf residue from the added O 3 and combined gas treatments was 48% less than the control treatment after 20 weeks, while differences in decomposition of petiole, stem, and husk residues among treatments were minor. Decreased decomposition of leaf residues was correlated with lower starch and higher lignin levels. However, leaf residues only comprised about 20% of the total residue biomass assayed so treatment effects on mass loss of total aboveground residues were relatively small. The primary influence of elevated atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 concentrations on decomposition processes is apt to arise from effects on residue mass input, which is increased by elevated CO 2 and suppressed by O 3 .

show abstract

“…Elevated atmospheric CO 2 is associated with the stimulation of plant photosynthesis and growth (Kimball et al 2002), while elevated O 3 inhibits plant photosynthesis and other physiological processes, causing significant growth-and yield losses (Mauzerall and Wang 2001;Adams and Horst 2003;Mills et al 2007). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Elevated CO2 and O3 on Phenolic Compounds in Spring Wheat and Maize Leaves

Chen

2008

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

C(3) crops are generally considered more sensitive than C(4) crops to the elevated CO(2) and O(3), but it is unclear whether the concentrations of phenolic compounds in them are affected. In this paper, an enrichment experiment with open-top chamber was conducted to examine the effects of elevated CO(2), O(3), and their combination on the contents of total phenolic compounds and flavone in the leaves of spring wheat (C(3) crop) and maize (C(4) crop). The results showed for spring wheat, the total phenolic contents in its leaves at jointing stage was significantly higher under elevated CO(2) and/or O(3), with the sequence of CO(2) plus O(3) > O(3) > CO(2) > ambient, while at grain-filling stage, the total phenolic content was lower under CO(2) plus O(3) than under CO(2), O(3), and ambient. The total phenolic content in maize leaves at jointing stage had the similar variation trend with that for wheat, but at grain-filling stage, the total phenolic content was slightly affected by elevated CO(2) and/or O(3). The flavone content in spring wheat leaves was significantly lower under CO(2) and/or O(3) stress at jointing stage, but had lesser difference at grain-filling stage under the stress. The same variation trend was observed in the flavone content in maize leaves at jointing and grainfilling stages, i.e., CO(2) plus O(3) > CO(2) > ambient > O(3). C(3) plant was more sensitive than C(4) plant to the CO(2) and/or O(3) stress.

show abstract

Future directions in air quality research: economic issues

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Crop responses to ozone: uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning

Crop responses to ozone: uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning

Decomposition of soybean grown under elevated concentrations of CO₂ and O₃

Effects of Elevated CO2 and O3 on Phenolic Compounds in Spring Wheat and Maize Leaves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Future directions in air quality research: economic issues

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Crop responses to ozone: uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning

Crop responses to ozone: uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning

Decomposition of soybean grown under elevated concentrations of CO2 and O3

Effects of Elevated CO2 and O3 on Phenolic Compounds in Spring Wheat and Maize Leaves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Decomposition of soybean grown under elevated concentrations of CO₂ and O₃