Future‐directed thinking in first‐episode psychosis

Goodby, Emmeline; MacLeod, Andrew K.

doi:10.1111/bjc.12096

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 170 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One might have expected the schizophrenia group to show greater difficulties for hypothetical, distant rewards in light impaired abstract thinking and longer-term prospection associated with this disorder (Eack & Keshavan, 2008; Fioravanti, Carlone, Vitale, Cinti, & Clare, 2005; Goodby & MacLeod, 2016). However, the pattern found in the current study may relate to participant and task characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered experiential, but not hypothetical, delay discounting in schizophrenia.

Horan¹,

Johnson²,

Green³

2017

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Delay discounting (DD) is a future-oriented decision making process that refers to whether one is willing to forego a smaller, sooner reward for the sake of a larger, later reward. It can be assessed using hypothetical tasks, which involve choices between hypothetical rewards of varying amounts over delay periods of days to years, or experiential tasks, which involve receiving actual rewards in real time over delay periods of seconds to minutes. Initial studies in schizophrenia have only used hypothetical tasks and have been mixed in finding either elevated or normal levels of DD. 131 outpatients with schizophrenia and 70 healthy controls completed hypothetical and experiential DD tasks involving monetary rewards, and the schizophrenia group was re-tested after four weeks. Although both groups showed qualitatively similar hyperbolic discounting functions on both tasks, they showed a quantitative DD difference. The schizophrenia showed higher DD than controls on the experiential task but normal DD on the hypothetical task. This pattern was not attributable to a range of potential confounds, including smoking status, substance use disorder status, or neurocognition. It was also not attributable to differences in the test-retest reliability, which was good for both tasks. The schizophrenia group’s robust pattern of altered experiential but normal hypothetical task performance points to key factors that may contribute to impaired DD in this disorder. These may include increased valuation of small (but not large) monetary rewards, or a hyper-sensitivity to costs associated with waiting inactively for those rewards.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered experiential, but not hypothetical, delay discounting in schizophrenia.

Horan¹,

Johnson²,

Green³

2017

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In particular, it remains unclear whether people with psychotic symptoms or schizophrenia, compared to healthy controls without psychiatric diagnoses, have difficulty generating positive and negative future events (Goodby & MacLeod, ; Raffard, Esposito, Boulenger, & Van der Linden, ) or whether the deficit is specific to positive events (Chen et al ., ). Also, although future thinking impairments may be explained by impairments in autobiographical memory (Kwan, Carson, Addis, & Rosenbaum, ; Schacter, Addis, & Buckner, ), studies of schizophrenia have shown mixed findings regarding the association between past and future thinking abilities, or have not reported correlations specifically within the clinical group, instead conflating them with diagnoses‐free control participants (Chen et al ., ; D'Argembeau, Raffard, & Van der Linden, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One reason for the discrepancyies between previous studies could be that participants generate fewer future events unless explicitly asked to generate as many as possible, resulting in insufficient between‐participant variability to examine group differences. Goodby and MacLeod () overcame this limitation by asking participants who had experienced positive symptoms of psychosis (e.g., delusion, hallucinations) within the last 12 months to generate as many positive and negative events (events they are looking forward to or are not looking forward to) as possible within 3 min for each valence. These participants showed an impaired ability to generate both positive and negative events compared to controls (Goodby & MacLeod, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goodby and MacLeod () overcame this limitation by asking participants who had experienced positive symptoms of psychosis (e.g., delusion, hallucinations) within the last 12 months to generate as many positive and negative events (events they are looking forward to or are not looking forward to) as possible within 3 min for each valence. These participants showed an impaired ability to generate both positive and negative events compared to controls (Goodby & MacLeod, ). These findings warrant replication amongst people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present investigation therefore examined the nature of future thinking in people with schizophrenia ( n = 93) and controls without psychiatric diagnoses ( n = 111), and the association between these abilities and verbal fluency and autobiographical memory retrieval. This investigation utilizes the paradigm previously used amongst participants who experienced a single psychotic episode (Goodby & MacLeod, ) as this paradigm has yet to be tested amongst participants with diagnoses of schizophrenia and it has several benefits over other similar paradigms as participants are not restricted in the number of positive or negative events that they can generate. It was expected that participants with schizophrenia would show problems generating future events, compared to healthy control participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Differential associations between impaired autobiographical memory recall and future thinking in people with and without schizophrenia

Barry

Hallford

Rey³

et al. 2019

British J Clinic Psychol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives. The ability to think about future events serves a range of important functions. People with schizophrenia show impairments in future thinking. However, whether these impairments are specific to positive or negative events and to what extent they are associated with impairments in verbal fluency and autobiographical memory remains poorly understood.Methods. People with schizophrenia (n = 93) and people without psychiatric diagnoses (n = 111) were asked to generate future events and retrieve past autobiographical events and they also completed a test of verbal fluency. Participants also completed questionnaire measures of the positive and negative dimensions of schizophrenia and depression symptoms.Results. People with schizophrenia generated significantly fewer positive and negative future events than controls. In a linear regression, the interaction between diagnosis and autobiographical memory retrieval explained a significant amount of variance in the number of future events that participants generated even when accounting for symptoms and verbal fluency. Past and future thinking abilities were correlated in controls but not in people with schizophrenia.Conclusions. People with schizophrenia may not rely on autobiographical content to imagine the future and may rely instead on semantic processes. Interventions that improve past and future thinking amongst people with schizophrenia are warranted. Practitioner pointsCompared to control participants, people with schizophrenia have marked difficulty generating possible, positive and negative, future events.

show abstract