Fusion Splicing Photonic Crystal Fibers and Conventional Single-Mode Fibers: Microhole Collapse Effect

Xiao, Limin; Demokan, M.S.; Jin, Wei; Wang, Yiping; Chen, Zhao

doi:10.1109/jlt.2007.907787

Cited by 249 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Figure 1(a) is the cross-section view of the SHC-PCF, which has a similar transmission property as that reported in [21]. The micro FP cavity was fabricated by using a conventional fiber cleaving and fusion splicing technique while avoiding any air-hole collapsing [22]. Figure 2(a) shows the microscopic image of a SHC-PCF based micro FP cavity with the length of ∼48 μm.…”

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confidence: 76%

Temperature-insensitive refractive index sensing by use of micro Fabry–Pérot cavity based on simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

et al. 2013

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A temperature-insensitive micro Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity based on simplified hollow-core (SHC) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is demonstrated. Such a device is fabricated by splicing a section of SHC PCF with single mode fibers at both cleaved ends. An extremely low temperature sensitivity of ∼0.273 pm∕°C is obtained between room temperature and 900°C. By drilling vertical micro-channels using a femtosecond laser, the micro FP cavity can be filled with liquids and functions as a sensitive refractometer and the refractive index sensitivity obtained is ∼851.3 nm∕RIU (refractive index unit), which indicates an ultra low temperature cross-sensitivity of ∼3. The FBG based RI sensor generally presents a low sensitivity on the order of ∼100 nm∕RIU (refractive index unit), and the FBG should be fabricated in an exposed-core fiber or a microfiber. It has been reported that LPFG can provide a sensitivity as high as 1500 nm∕RIU [3]. However, LPFG typically exhibits large temperature cross-sensitivity and nonlinear response to the surrounding RI. An ultra-high sensitivity, of up to 24; 373 nm∕RIU, is achieved by use of a highly birefringent microfiber loop [6]. By employing selective infiltration techniques of PCFs [7,12,13], embedded coupler, modal interferometer, and photonic band-gap structures can be fabricated, which exhibit even higher RI sensitivity such as 38;000 nm∕RIU [8]. However, such a sensor can only use the liquids with a RI higher than that of silica (∼1.46). To operate at around 1.33 of RI, a liquid-filled PCF sensor based on four-wave mixing has been demonstrated, with a high sensitivity of 8800 nm∕RIU, however, a large length of PCF (∼1 m) has to be used [11].A key issue that existed in the above mentioned configurations is temperature cross-sensitivity because it limits the sensor reliability. One of the solutions to this issue is the use of fiber-optical FP cavity as it exhibits very low temperature sensitivity of ∼1 pm∕°C, due to the small thermo-expansion coefficient of silica. Recently, the micro FP cavity has received increased research attention because of its low temperature cross-sensitivity, high RI and/or strain sensitivities, and convenient reflection mode of detection. The FP cavity fabricated by focused ion beam milling has been used to measure the RI around 1.30 with a high sensitivity of 1731 nm∕RIU [14] however; the temperature crosssensitivity of the device was not reported. By employing a femtosecond laser, micro FP cavity can be fabricated in single mode fiber (SMF) [15,16] and PCF [17], with a temperature sensitivity of larger than 2 pm∕°C, corresponding to a temperature cross-sensitivity of greater than 2 × 10 −6 RIU∕°C. By splicing a section of hollow-core PCF [18] or Er-doped fiber [19] with SMFs, strain sensors have been demonstrated, with further reduced temperature sensitivity of ∼0.81 and 0.65 pm∕°C, respectively.In this Letter, we demonstrate a micro FP cavity based on simplified hollow-core (SHC)-PCF for RI sensing with extremely low temperature cross-sensitivity. The device is ...

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Temperature-insensitive refractive index sensing by use of micro Fabry–Pérot cavity based on simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

et al. 2013

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“…In index guiding PCF light is guided by the total internal reflection between the solid core and multiple air holes cladding .The solid core of index-guiding PCF with a micro structural array of air holes is surrounded by pure silica cladding with refractive index of 1.462 [12]. Due to the large refractive index contrast between air (1.000) and silica (1.462) the light is guided by modified total internal reflection which is entirely a function of wavelength [3].…”

Section: A Index Guiding Photonic Crystal Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Birefringence is a essential property in fiber optics and many sensing applications where light has to maintain a linear polarization state, often high birefringence is required [12].Normally materials with uniaxial anisotropy--have an axis of symmetry is termed as optical axis of a particular material have no equivalent axis in the plane perpendicular to it--exhibits this optical phenomenon. Linearly polarized light ray in parallel and perpendicular direction will express uneveneffective refractive indices ne and no for unexpected and regular emerging rays respectively.…”

Section: A Birefringencementioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Crystal Fibre: Developments, Properties and Applications in Optical Fiber Communication

Chaudhary¹

2017

IJRASET

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The increasing demand of demand for internet and high data rate is offered by optical technology but it faces some deficiencies like the flexibility in designing and efficient use of complete optical spectrum. Photonic crystal fibers comes in a new category of optical fiber system that reduces all the drawbacks of the conventional optical fibers. Photonic crystal fiber is fabricated with periodically arranged low index material in a background with high refractive index material. Light can be guided inside the PCF by either modified total internal reflection or photonic band gap guidance. PCFs are widely used in spectroscopy, meteorology, bio-medicine, imaging, telecommunication, industrial machinery etc. This review paper gives an overview on Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) & its applications. This paper discusses the importance of photonic crystal fibers,its, guided mechanism, its structural properties and its applications in optical fibre communication.

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“…[2][3][4][5][6] . 그러나 일반적인 융착접속 방법을 사용할 경우 PCF 클래딩 영역에 위치한 공기구멍들이 붕괴되면서 접속손실이 커지는 문제점을 지니고 있다 [7,8] . [7,8] .…”

Section: Fiber Interferometers Based On Low Loss Fusion Splicing Of Punclassified

“…일반적으로 광섬유 간섭계는 광섬유내 모드간 위상차가 발생하여 나타나는 두 모드간의 간섭을 이용한 것으로 온도, 스트레인, 구부림 등의 물리량 변화를 측정하는 센서로 이 용할 수 있다 [11] . [7,8] . 따라서 접속 손실을 줄이기 위한 방법으로 공기구멍 붕괴현상을 최소화 하기 위해 전극봉의 위치조정과 아크의 방전시간 및 방전량 조정이 필요하다.…”

Section: 제안된 방법을 이용한 광섬유 간섭계unclassified

Fiber Interferometers Based on Low Loss Fusion Splicing of Photonic Crystal Fibers

Ahn¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2010

Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics

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Fiber Interferometers Based on Low Loss Fusion Splicing of Photonic Crystal FibersWe report temperature and strain sensing characteristics of two kinds of in-line fiber interferometers. One interferometer consists of a section of Hollow Optical Fiber(HOF) spliced between two Photonic Bandgap Fibers(PBGF) and the other is built by splicing a section of HOF between two Large Mode Area-Photonic Crystal Fibers(LMA-PCF). To minimize the splice losses, we carefully optimized the heating time and arc current of the splicer so as not to collapse the air holes of the fiber. It is found that the first interferometer has a temperature sensitivity of 15.4 pm/℃ and a strain sensitivity of 0.24 pm/με. The other interferometer exhibits a temperature sensitivity of 17.4 pm/℃ and a strain sensitivity of 0.2 pm/με.

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Fusion Splicing Photonic Crystal Fibers and Conventional Single-Mode Fibers: Microhole Collapse Effect

Cited by 249 publications

References 25 publications

Temperature-insensitive refractive index sensing by use of micro Fabry–Pérot cavity based on simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Temperature-insensitive refractive index sensing by use of micro Fabry–Pérot cavity based on simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Photonic Crystal Fibre: Developments, Properties and Applications in Optical Fiber Communication

Fiber Interferometers Based on Low Loss Fusion Splicing of Photonic Crystal Fibers

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