Fusion protein gene nucleotide sequence similarities, shared antigenic sites and phylogenetic analysis suggest that phocid distemper virus type 2 and canine distemper virus belong to the same virus entity

Visser, Ilona; Heijden, Roger W. J. van der; Bildt, Marco W. G. van de; Kenter, Marcel; Örvell, Claes; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-74-9-1989

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Different from all other known morbilliviruses, the F protein of FmoPV has a single-basic proteolytic cleavage site, whereas the cleavage sites in other morbilliviruses are multibasic (25). Cellular trypsin-like protease cleaves the F protein into F1 and F2 before cell fusion occurs, which facilitates the isolation of these viruses in cell lines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline morbillivirus, a previously undescribed paramyxovirus associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis in domestic cats

Woo

Lau

Wong

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

154

295

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We describe the discovery and isolation of a paramyxovirus, feline morbillivirus (FmoPV), from domestic cat ( Felis catus ). FmoPV RNA was detected in 56 (12.3%) of 457 stray cats (53 urine, four rectal swabs, and one blood sample) by RT-PCR. Complete genome sequencing of three FmoPV strains showed genome sizes of 16,050 bases, the largest among morbilliviruses, because of unusually long 5′ trailer sequences of 400 nt. FmoPV possesses identical gene contents (3′-N-P/V/C-M-F-H-L-5′) and is phylogenetically clustered with other morbilliviruses. IgG against FmoPV N protein was positive in 49 sera (76.7%) of 56 RT-PCR–positive cats, but 78 (19.4%) of 401 RT-PCR–negative cats ( P < 0.0001) by Western blot. FmoPV was isolated from CRFK feline kidney cells, causing cytopathic effects with cell rounding, detachment, lysis, and syncytia formation. FmoPV could also replicate in subsequent passages in primate Vero E6 cells. Infected cell lines exhibited finely granular and diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence on immunostaining for FmoPV N protein. Electron microscopy showed enveloped virus with typical “herringbone” appearance of helical N in paramyxoviruses. Histological examination of necropsy tissues in two FmoPV-positive cats revealed interstitial inflammatory infiltrate and tubular degeneration/necrosis in kidneys, with decreased cauxin expression in degenerated tubular epithelial cells, compatible with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). Immunohistochemical staining revealed FmoPV N protein-positive renal tubular cells and mononuclear cells in lymph nodes. A case-control study showed the presence of TIN in seven of 12 cats with FmoPV infection, but only two of 15 cats without FmoPV infection ( P < 0.05), suggesting an association between FmoPV and TIN.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline morbillivirus, a previously undescribed paramyxovirus associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis in domestic cats

Woo

Lau

Wong

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

154

295

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“…However, relatively few CDV P gene sequences of the length sequenced in this study were available in the public databases for phylogenetic comparison. The F gene is conserved within morbillivirus species (6,24) and has also been used to determine phylogenetic relationships among these viruses (37). The H gene is more variable among CDV isolates, perhaps due to the role the protein plays in the host immune reaction (11), and thus has been widely used for phylogenetic analysis (8,17,18,20,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Characterization of Canine Distemper Viruses Detected in Naturally Infected Dogs in North America

2005

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In 2004, six puppies and one adult dog from a total of four premises were subjected to necropsy evaluation. For five of the seven dogs, disease caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) infection was suspected based on clinical signs. In all of the dogs, a diagnosis of CDV infection was established by the presence of compatible gross and histologic lesions, immunohistochemical labeling for CDV antigen, and detection of CDV RNA by reverse transcription-PCR. To further characterize the CDV strains detected in the four cases, complete gene sequences were determined for the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes, while partial gene sequencing was performed for the phosphoprotein gene. A total of 4,508 bases were sequenced for the CDV strains detected from each of the four cases. Two cases were found to have identical sequences except for 2 bases in the intergenic region of the F and H genes. Phylogenetic analysis strongly suggested an evolutionary relationship between sequences detected in these two cases and those of phocine distemper virus 2 and two other strains of CDV not previously detected in the continental United States. Clear phylogenetic relationships were not established for viruses detected in the two additional cases; however, one strain showed similarity to CDV strains detected in a panda from China. Importantly, the three CDV strains detected were demonstrated to be genetically distinct from known vaccine strains and strains previously reported in the continental United States.Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the etiological agent of one the most important viral diseases of wild and domestic Canidae (dog, dingo, fox, coyote, jackal, and wolf) (2). It occurs worldwide and produces high morbidity and mortality in immunologically naïve populations (22,29). This virus also infects a broad range of other animals, such as Mustelidae (ferrets, minks, skunks, weasels, and badgers), Procyonidae (raccoons and pandas), Ursidae (bears), Viverridae (civets, genets, and linsangs), hyaenidae (hyenas), and Felidae (lions and tigers) (2,3,4,10,12,16,36). Canine distemper virus is classified in the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae and has an unsegmented, negative-sense, single-stranded, ϳ15.7-kb RNA genome and an enveloped virus particle that is 150 to 300 nm in diameter (29). The pathogenesis of CDV infection in dogs has been well characterized (2,22,29,35). The genome of CDV encodes the following virion proteins: matrix (M), fusion (F), hemagglutinin (H), nucleocapsid (N), polymerase (L), and phosphoprotein (P). The H gene protein is responsible for viral attachment to the cell host (38) and may also play a role in induction of protective immunity (11). The H protein is one of the most variable morbillivirus proteins and thus has often been used to assess genetic changes between CDV isolates (8,9,17,18,20,21,23,26,28,30).In this study, postmortem findings, immunohistochemical labeling, and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR specific for CDV genomic RNA established a definitive diagnosis of diseas...

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“…Canine distemper virus caused mass mortalities among pinnipeds of the Caniformia such as Baikal seals (Pusa sibirica) and Caspian seals (Phoca caspica; e.g., Visser et al 1993;Kennedy et al 2000). The virus led to severe damage in various land Caniformia populations, such as Santa Catalina Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae; Timm et al 2009), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides; Machida et al 1993), and black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes; Williams et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Host Range Expansion of Canine Distemper Virus and Variation in Its Receptor, the Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule, in Carnivores

Ohishi

Suzuki

Maeda

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) is a receptor for morbilliviruses. To understand the recent host range expansion of canine distemper virus (CDV) in carnivores, we determined the nucleotide sequences of SLAMs of various carnivores and generated three-dimensional homology SLAM models. Thirty-four amino acid residues were found for the candidates binding to CDV on the interface of the carnivore SLAMs. SLAM of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) were similar to those of other members of the suborder Caniformia, indicating that the animals in this group have similar sensitivity to dog CDV. However, they were different at nine positions from those of felids. Among the nine residues, four of domestic cat (Felis catus) SLAM (72, 76, 82, and 129) and three of lion (Panthera leo persica) SLAM (72, 82, and 129) were associated with charge alterations, suggesting that the felid interfaces have lower affinities to dog CDV. Only the residue at 76 was different between domestic cat and lion SLAM interfaces. The domestic cat SLAM had threonine at 76, whereas the lion SLAM had arginine, a positively charged residue like that of the dog SLAM. The cat SLAM with threonine is likely to have lower affinity to CDV-H and to confer higher resistance against dog CDV. Thus, the four residues (72, 76, 82, and 129) on carnivore SLAMs are important for the determination of affinity and sensitivity with CDV. Additionally, the CDV-H protein of felid strains had a substitution of histidine for tyrosine at 549 of dog CDV-H and may have higher affinity to lion SLAM. Three-dimensional model construction is a new risk assessment method of morbillivirus infectivity. Because the method is applicable to animals that have no information about virus infection, it is especially useful for morbillivirus risk assessment and wildlife conservation.

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Fusion protein gene nucleotide sequence similarities, shared antigenic sites and phylogenetic analysis suggest that phocid distemper virus type 2 and canine distemper virus belong to the same virus entity

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Feline morbillivirus, a previously undescribed paramyxovirus associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis in domestic cats

Feline morbillivirus, a previously undescribed paramyxovirus associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis in domestic cats

Phylogenetic Characterization of Canine Distemper Viruses Detected in Naturally Infected Dogs in North America

Recent Host Range Expansion of Canine Distemper Virus and Variation in Its Receptor, the Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule, in Carnivores

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