“…The approaches using these set of features with the classification of support vector machine (SVM) ( Hearst et al, 1998 ), random forest, and the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifier resulted in a good detection scores ( Tajbakhsh et al, 2014 ; Pogorelov et al, 2017a ; Iakovidis, Maroulis & Karkanis, 2006 ; Alexandre, Nobre & Casteleiro, 2008 ; Karkanis et al, 2001 ; Zhao et al, 2021 ; Bernal, Sánchez & Vilarino, 2013 ; Esgiar et al, 1998 ; Deeba et al, 2018 ; Hwang et al, 2007 ). The F1-scores of the approaches of Pogorelov et al (2017a) , Zhao et al (2021) , Hwang et al (2007) and Deeba et al (2018) are above 0.90 for the detection of various abnormalities in the GI tract. Some approaches focus on the precision, recall, or the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) score, resulting in some of these evaluation parameters ( Tajbakhsh et al, 2014 ; Naqvi et al, 2017 ).…”