Fusion of oil bodies in endosperm of oat grains

Heneen, Waheeb K.; Karlsson, Gustav; Brismar, Kerstin; Gummeson, Per-Olov; Marttila, Salla; Леонова, Светлана; Carlsson, Anders S.; Bafor, Maureen; Banaś, Antoni; Mattsson, Bengt; Dębski, Henryk; Stymne, Sten

doi:10.1007/s00425-008-0761-x

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Besides their structural function in OBs, oleosins may serve as docking stations for other proteins at its surface and may participate in the biosynthesis and mobilization of plant oils (Parthibane et al, 2012a(Parthibane et al, , 2012b. Oleosins are probably involved in OB stability (Leprince et al, 1998;Shimada et al, 2008) and in the regulation of OB repulsion (Heneen et al, 2008), preventing the coalescence of OBs into a single organelle (Schmidt and Herman, 2008). Nevertheless, the precise functions of oleosins in OB biogenesis and dynamics have not yet been established.…”

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Specialization of Oleosins in Oil Body Dynamics during Seed Development in Arabidopsis Seeds

et al. 2014

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Oil bodies (OBs) are seed-specific lipid storage organelles that allow the accumulation of neutral lipids that sustain plantlet development after the onset of germination. OBs are covered with specific proteins embedded in a single layer of phospholipids. Using fluorescent dyes and confocal microscopy, we monitored the dynamics of OBs in living Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) embryos at different stages of development. Analyses were carried out with different genotypes: the wild type and three mutants affected in the accumulation of various oleosins (OLE1, OLE2, and OLE4), three major OB proteins. Image acquisition was followed by a detailed statistical analysis of OB size and distribution during seed development in the four dimensions (x, y, z, and t). Our results indicate that OB size increases sharply during seed maturation, in part by OB fusion, and then decreases until the end of the maturation process. In single, double, and triple mutant backgrounds, the size and spatial distribution of OBs are modified, affecting in turn the total lipid content, which suggests that the oleosins studied have specific functions in the dynamics of lipid accumulation.The seed is a complex, specific structure that allows a quiescent plant embryo to cope with unfavorable germinating conditions and also permits dissemination of the species. To achieve these functions, seeds accumulate reserve compounds that will ensure the survival of the embryo and fuel the growth of the plantlet upon germination. Accumulation of lipids occurs in many eukaryotic cells and is a rather common means of storing carbon and energy. Lipid droplets (LDs) can be found in all eukaryotes, such as yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae;

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Specialization of Oleosins in Oil Body Dynamics during Seed Development in Arabidopsis Seeds

et al. 2014

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“…6 Sectioned sectors of grains at early and late developmental stages, 14 and 40 days after anthesis, were stained with Sudan Black B or Toluidine Blue O. 6 The low magnifications of whole sectors of the grain and higher magnifications of defined sites (Fig. 1) provide information on the distribution and appearance of lipids throughout the grain.…”

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“…Applying different microscopical approaches, it has been shown that oil bodies appear as distinct entities in the embryonic axis and the aleurone layer, and that they loose their integrity and fuse with each other into large masses in the rest of the endosperm during grain development. 6 The fusion of oil bodies in the starchy endosperm is probably correlated with the reduced amount of the protecting oil-body associated proteins (oleosins) documented in this tissue. 6 The aim of this report is to present microscopical data on the distribution of oil throughout the oat endosperm, not shown in Heneen et al 6 The structural observations were made on the highlipid oat cultivar Matilda with 10.3% lipids.…”

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“…[2][3][4] This has been also demonstrated using fluorescence microscopy, 1,5 light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. 4,6 White et al, 7 on the other hand, interpreted their transmission electron microscopy pictures as if indicating scarcity or absence of lipids beneath the subaleurone layer. Applying different microscopical approaches, it has been shown that oil bodies appear as distinct entities in the embryonic axis and the aleurone layer, and that they loose their integrity and fuse with each other into large masses in the rest of the endosperm during grain development.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…6 The fusion of oil bodies in the starchy endosperm is probably correlated with the reduced amount of the protecting oil-body associated proteins (oleosins) documented in this tissue. 6 The aim of this report is to present microscopical data on the distribution of oil throughout the oat endosperm, not shown in Heneen et al 6 The structural observations were made on the highlipid oat cultivar Matilda with 10.3% lipids. 6 Sectioned sectors of grains at early and late developmental stages, 14 and 40 days after anthesis, were stained with Sudan Black B or Toluidine Blue O.…”

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The distribution of oil in the oat grain

Heneen

Banaś

Леонова

et al. 2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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High-lipid oat is a potential oil crop. Chemical and microscopical analyses have shown that the major part of the grain lipids are stored in the endosperm. While oil bodies are intact in the aleurone layer, scutellum and embryo, they have less associated proteins (oleosins) and undergo fusion in the starchy endosperm. In this report, we document the distribution of lipids in the endosperm microscopically. Underneath the aleurone layer, lipids are most abundant in the subaleurone cells and in the endosperm cells in the vicinity of the scutellum and embryo. Thus the major areas of oil storage are close to the living tissues of the grain, the sites of enzyme production in connection with germination and mobilization. The documentation of cellular structural changes, and implication of the fused state of oil bodies, during germination, remains to be elucidated.Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a cereal crop that accumulates up to 18% of lipids. 1 Most of the lipids are stored in the endosperm tissues of the grain. [2][3][4] This has been also demonstrated using fluorescence microscopy, 1,5 light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. 4,6 White et al., 7 on the other hand, interpreted their transmission electron microscopy pictures as if indicating scarcity or absence of lipids beneath the subaleurone layer. Applying different microscopical approaches, it has been shown that oil bodies appear as distinct entities in the embryonic axis and the aleurone layer, and that they loose their integrity and fuse with each other into large masses in the rest of the endosperm during grain development. 6 The fusion of oil bodies in the starchy endosperm is probably correlated with the reduced amount of the protecting oil-body associated proteins (oleosins) documented in this tissue. 6 The aim of this report is to present microscopical data on the distribution of oil throughout the oat endosperm, not shown in Heneen et al. 6 The structural observations were made on the highlipid oat cultivar Matilda with 10.3% lipids. 6 Sectioned sectors of grains at early and late developmental stages, 14 and 40 days after anthesis, were stained with Sudan Black B or Toluidine Blue O. 6 The low magnifications of whole sectors of the grain and higher magnifications of defined sites (Fig. 1) provide information on the distribution and appearance of lipids throughout the grain. A further step would be simultaneous visualization and quantification of lipids, as has been elegantly demonstrated in developing barley grains and soybean seeds in vivo, applying frequency-selected magnetic resonance imaging. 8 At the early developmental stage of oat grains (Fig. 1A), lipids were less densely stained in the aleurone layer than in the rest of the endosperm, inferring tissue-specific differences. Oil was not evenly distributed in the starchy endosperm. It was most frequent in the subaleurone cells, and decreased in cells of middle and inner endosperm, in accordance with earlier findings. 5 This was valid for the discrete oil bodies observe...

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