“…The 3D–2D hybrid CNN achieves the best results with a mean accuracy of 80%, sensitivity of 76, 68, 74, 96%, specificity of 87, 98, 92, 87%, and AUC of 78, 70, 84, 91%, for normal, tumor, blood vessels and background, respectively ( Manni et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, Hao, et al reported a multiple deep model fusion (include three neural networks) based extraction method to achieve an overall accuracy of 96.34% for the identification of GBM tumors ( Hao et al, 2021 ). This method employed 1-D deep neural network (1D-DNN) and 2-D convolution neural network (2D-CNN) to extract spectral characteristics and spectral spatial characteristic for the HSI classification of human brain.…”