Fused filament fabrication, debinding and sintering as a low cost additive manufacturing method of 316L stainless steel

Thompson, Yvonne; González-Gutiérrez, Joamín; Kukla, Christian; Felfer, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.100861

Cited by 123 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…All these values were lower than those measured for samples manufactured by SLM and for those reported with AISI 316 L. The low mechanical properties were explained as the results of the porosity which also caused a lower ductility (i.e., 31%) compared to standard annealed AISI 316 L (i.e., 60%). Thompson et al [10] focused on the characterization of the flexural behavior for 316L filaments produced on their own. They used over-extrusion to produce high green body density samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Metal/Polymer Filaments for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to Print Metal Parts

et al. 2021

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The exploitation of mechanical properties and customization possibilities of 3D printed metal parts usually come at the cost of complex and expensive equipment. To address this issue, hybrid metal/polymer composite filaments have been studied allowing the printing of metal parts by using the standard Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) approach. The resulting hybrid metal/polymer part, the so called “green”, can then be transformed into a dense metal part using debinding and sintering cycles. In this work, we investigated the manufacturing and characterization of green and sintered parts obtained by FFF of two commercial hybrid metal/polymer filaments, i.e., the Ultrafuse 316L by BASF and the 17-4 PH by Markforged. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) analyses of the mesostructure highlighted incomplete raster bonding and voids like those observed in conventional FFF-printed polymeric structures despite the sintering cycle. A significant role in the tensile properties was played by the building orientation, with samples printed flatwise featuring the highest mechanical properties, though lower than those achievable with standard metal additive manufacturing techniques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Metal/Polymer Filaments for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to Print Metal Parts

et al. 2021

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“…The feedstock is a multicomponent polymer system highly filled with powder of the desired ceramic material [ 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Once the so-called green parts are shaped by FFF, the polymer components are removed in the debinding stage by a catalytic reaction [ 14 ], dissolution in a solvent [ 12 , 15 , 16 ] and/or thermal decomposition [ 9 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Finally, the parts are sintered to obtain nearly dense components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Infill Orientation on the Properties of Zirconia Parts Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication

et al. 2020

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The fused filament fabrication (FFF) of ceramics enables the additive manufacturing of components with complex geometries for many applications like tooling or prototyping. Nevertheless, due to the many factors involved in the process, it is difficult to separate the effect of the different parameters on the final properties of the FFF parts, which hinders the expansion of the technology. In this paper, the effect of the fill pattern used during FFF on the defects and the mechanical properties of zirconia components is evaluated. The zirconia-filled filaments were produced from scratch, characterized by different methods and used in the FFF of bending bars with infill orientations of 0°, ±45° and 90° with respect to the longest dimension of the specimens. Three-point bending tests were conducted on the specimens with the side in contact with the build platform under tensile loads. Next, the defects were identified with cuts in different sections. During the shaping by FFF, pores appeared inside the extruded roads due to binder degradation and or moisture evaporation. The changes in the fill pattern resulted in different types of porosity and defects in the first layer, with the latter leading to earlier fracture of the components. Due to these variations, the specimens with the 0° infill orientation had the lowest porosity and the highest bending strength, followed by the specimens with ±45° infill orientation and finally by those with 90° infill orientation.

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“…This metal powder is supplemented with a polymeric carrier, which allows the material to be extruded into the form of a filament, which can be further processed by FFF technology. At the current level of knowledge, only few articles deal with production of Ultrafuse 316LX material on standard FFF machines [Thompson 2019]. Therefore, this article tends to fill this gap by mapping the fabrication process on the commercially available Felix Tec4 printer and by evaluation of basic mechanical properties of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication Process and Basic Material Properties of the Basf Ultrafuse 316lx Material

Šafka¹,

Ackermann²,

Macháček³

et al. 2020

MM SJ

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Fused filament fabrication, debinding and sintering as a low cost additive manufacturing method of 316L stainless steel

Cited by 123 publications

References 24 publications

Hybrid Metal/Polymer Filaments for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to Print Metal Parts

Hybrid Metal/Polymer Filaments for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) to Print Metal Parts

Influence of the Infill Orientation on the Properties of Zirconia Parts Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication

Fabrication Process and Basic Material Properties of the Basf Ultrafuse 316lx Material

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