Fused deposition modelling: Current status, methodology, applications and future prospects

Cano-Vicent, Alba; Tambuwala, Murtaza M.; Hassan, Sk. Sarif; Barh, Debmalya; Aljabali, Alaa A. A.; Birkett, Martin; Arjunan, Arun; Serrano‐Aroca, Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.102378

Cited by 189 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 271 publications

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“…These materials are commonly used to print automotive components, surgical and medical objects, prototypes, toys and many other everyday products [ 41 , 50 , 63 ]. The thermal and mechanical properties of the previously cited polymers for FFF technique have already been summarized in Table 1 .…”

Section: Materials For Fff Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As reported in the previous paragraphs of this review, the 3D printing market is a rapidly growing sector and the filaments used in 3D printing can be made with a wide variety of thermoplastic materials, including those made of recycled materials. The scientific literature reports various works related to the recycling of polymeric materials [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. These materials find application in many areas of daily life and the topic of their recycling has become of considerable interest in recent years.…”

Section: Materials For Fff Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These materials find application in many areas of daily life and the topic of their recycling has become of considerable interest in recent years. After their use, plastics become persistent and harmful waste [ 50 ].…”

Section: Materials For Fff Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review of Polymer-Based Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF): Focus on Sustainability and Recycled Materials

et al. 2022

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Recently, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), one of the most encouraging additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, has fascinated great attention. Although FFF is growing into a manufacturing device with considerable technological and material innovations, there still is a challenge to convert FFF-printed prototypes into functional objects for industrial applications. Polymer components manufactured by FFF process possess, in fact, low and anisotropic mechanical properties, compared to the same parts, obtained by using traditional building methods. The poor mechanical properties of the FFF-printed objects could be attributed to the weak interlayer bond interface that develops during the layer deposition process and to the commercial thermoplastic materials used. In order to increase the final properties of the 3D printed models, several polymer-based composites and nanocomposites have been proposed for FFF process. However, even if the mechanical properties greatly increase, these materials are not all biodegradable. Consequently, their waste disposal represents an important issue that needs an urgent solution. Several scientific researchers have therefore moved towards the development of natural or recyclable materials for FFF techniques. This review details current progress on innovative green materials for FFF, referring to all kinds of possible industrial applications, and in particular to the field of Cultural Heritage.

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Section: Materials For Fff Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials For Fff Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Polymer-Based Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF): Focus on Sustainability and Recycled Materials

et al. 2022

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“…The printer head moves in a pre-programmed pattern, creating the desired object [17][18][19]. It is well known that 3D printing in general, and FDM in particular, produces materials that are inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and contain significant porosity; these affect the mechanical, electrical, and optical properties of the printed materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Porosity Measurements of 3D Printed Polymer by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

Naftaly

Savvides²,

Alshareef

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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The porosity and inhomogeneity of 3D printed polymer samples were examined using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, and the effects of 3D printer settings were analysed. A set of PETG samples were 3D printed by systematically varying the printer parameters, including layer thickness, nozzle diameter, filament (line) thickness, extrusion, and printing pattern. Their effective refractive indices and loss coefficients were measured and compared with those of solid PETG. Porosity was calculated from the refractive index. A diffraction feature was observed in the loss spectrum of all 3D printed samples and was used as an indication of inhomogeneity. A “sweet spot” of printer settings was found, where porosity and inhomogeneity were minimised.

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“…Digital manufacturing techniques such as additive manufacturing (3D printing) demonstrated in this study offers significant potential making on-demand and onsite fabrication of antiviral devices accessible [ 58 , 60 ]. Additive manufacturing (AM) is transforming medical supplies by allowing personalisation and onsite fabrication enhancing resilience against supply chain disruption [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. This subsequently results in rapid development and deployment of potential solutions which is critical when it comes to pandemic preparedness [ 65 , 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum Porous Superalloy with Superior Antiviral Activity

Arjunan

Robinson

Baroutaji

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

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COVID-19 pandemic and associated supply-chain disruptions emphasise the requirement for antimicrobial materials for on-demand manufacturing. Besides aerosol transmission, SARS-CoV-2 is also propagated through contact with virus-contaminated surfaces. As such, the development of effective biofunctional materials that can inactivate SARS-CoV-2 is critical for pandemic preparedness. Such materials will enable the rational development of antiviral devices with prolonged serviceability, reducing the environmental burden of disposable alternatives. This research reveals the novel use of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) to 3D print porous Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) superalloy with potent antiviral activity (100% viral inactivation in 30 min). The porous material was rationally conceived using a multi-objective surrogate model featuring track thickness (tt) and pore diameter (ϕd) as responses. The regression analysis found the most significant parameters for Co-Cr-Mo track formation to be the interaction effects of scanning rate (Vs) and laser power (Pl) in the order PlVs>Vs>Pl. Contrastively, the pore diameter was found to be primarily driven by the hatch spacing (Sh). The study is the first to demonstrate the superior antiviral properties of 3D printed Co-Cr-Mo superalloy against an enveloped virus used as biosafe viral model of SARS-CoV-2. The material significantly outperforms the viral inactivation time of other broadly used antiviral metals such as copper and silver, as the material’s viral inactivation time was from 5 h to 30 min. As such, the study goes beyond the current state-of-the-art in antiviral alloys to provide extra protection to combat the SARS-CoV-2 viral spread. The evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic brings new and unpredictable challenges where on-demand 3D printing of antiviral materials can achieve rapid solutions while reducing the environmental impact of disposable devices.

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Fused deposition modelling: Current status, methodology, applications and future prospects

Cited by 189 publications

References 271 publications

A Review of Polymer-Based Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF): Focus on Sustainability and Recycled Materials

A Review of Polymer-Based Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF): Focus on Sustainability and Recycled Materials

Non-Destructive Porosity Measurements of 3D Printed Polymer by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

3D Printed Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum Porous Superalloy with Superior Antiviral Activity

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