Fuse-Fuse Protection Scheme ETAP Model for IEEE 13 Node Radial Test Distribution Feeder

Kirui, Kemei Peter; Murage, David K.; Kihato, Peter K.

doi:10.24018/ejers.2019.4.9.1549

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The assessment is based on designed simulations on two networks, a modified IEEE European test network, and an ECG LV network. The method used required modeling and simulation of the networks using ETAP software's power flow calculation tool [67], [68].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Power Flow Due to Solar Photovoltaic in the Low Voltage Network

Majeed

Nwulu

2023

IEEE Access

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Distributed generation has enhanced power production in recent times. Due to their benefits, Ghana is interested in grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Despite the benefits, solar PV integration studies in Ghana have not advanced. This study examines reverse power flow (RPF) due to solar PV in Low Voltage (LV) network branches. The methodology uses a modified IEEE European test network and an Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) LV network. ETAP software is used to simulate the two solar PV integrated LV networks, and the obtained data is used to formulate correlation models of solar PV penetration and key network parameters in Excel. Model results estimate the RPF critical values for the modified IEEE European test network and the ECG LV network as 7.36 kW and 7.44 kW, respectively. The RPF values are obtained at maximum penetration depths of 62.6% and 69.8% respectively. At maximum penetration levels, predicted line loadings are 6.42% and 7.28% respectively. Further analysis reveals branch-transformer RPF margins of 26.8% and 23.1% in the modified IEEE European test network and the ECG LV network respectively. The results are essential for establishing pre-determined settings to safeguard LV network branches and transformers from overload due to RPF.INDEX TERMS Safe margins, low voltage network, reverse power flow, simulation data, solar PV, threshold parameters.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Power Flow Due to Solar Photovoltaic in the Low Voltage Network

Majeed

Nwulu

2023

IEEE Access

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“…Next, a solar PV inverter system was designed as the distributed generator in the LV network, which is powered by a single substation transformer. This study used the power flow calculation tool in ETAP software to model and simulate the LV network using field data [48]. In the base case, the network was simulated to determine the overload operating conditions of the substation transformer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Reverse Power Flow on Distributed Transformers in a Solar-Photovoltaic-Integrated Low-Voltage Network

Majeed

Nwulu

2022

Energies

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Modern low-voltage distribution systems necessitate solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration. One of the primary concerns with this grid-connected PV system is overloading due to reverse power flow, which degrades the life of distribution transformers. This study investigates transformer overload issues due to reverse power flow in a low-voltage network with high PV penetration. A simulation model of a real urban electricity company in Ghana is investigated against various PV penetration levels by load flows with ETAP software. The impact of reverse power flow on the radial network transformer loadings is examined for high PV penetrations. Using the least squares method, simulation results are modelled in Excel software. Transformer backflow limitations are determined by correlating operating loads with PV penetration. At high PV penetration, the models predict reverse power flow into the transformer. Interpolations from the correlation models show transformer backflow operating limits of 78.04 kVA and 24.77% at the threshold of reverse power flow. These limits correspond to a maximum PV penetration limit of 88.30%. In low-voltage networks with high PV penetration; therefore, planners should consider transformer overload limits caused by reverse power flow, which degrades transformer life. This helps select control schemes near substation transformers to limit reverse power flow.

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Impacts of Placement of Wind Turbine Generators with Different Interfacing Technologies on Radial Distribution Feeder Fuse-Fuse Protection Coordination Scheme.

Kirui

Murage

Kihato

2019

EJENG

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The ever increasing demand on the electrical energy has led to the diversification on the electrical energy generation technologies especially from the renewable energy sources like the wind and the solar PV. Micro-grids powered by distributed generators utilizing renewable energy sources are on the increase across the globe due to the natural abundance of the resources, the favorable government policies and the resources being environmentally friendly. However, since the electrical power distribution networks have always been passive networks, the connection of the distributed generations (DGs) into the network has associated several technical implications with distribution network protection and Over-Current Protective Devices (OCPDs) miss-coordination being one of the major issues. The need for a detailed assessment of the impacts of the wind turbine generation (WTGs) on the distribution networks operations has become critical. The penetration of the WTGs into a distribution network has great impacts on the short circuit current levels of the distribution network hence eventually affecting the OCPDs coordination time margins. The factors which contribute to these impacts are: The size of the WTG penetrating the distribution network, the location at which the WTG is connected on to the network and the Type of the WTG interfacing technology used. An important aspect of the WTGs impacts studies is to evaluate their short circuit current contribution into the distribution network under different fault conditions. The magnitudes of these short circuit currents, both the three phase and the single-line-to-ground (SLG) faults, are needed for sizing the various Over-Current Protective Devices (OCPDs) utilized in protecting the distribution network. The sizing of the OCPDs entails among other procedures coordinating them with both the upstream and the downstream OCPDs so that there is sufficient time margin between their Time Current Characteristic (TCC) curves. For Fuse-Fuse protection coordination, the ANSI/NEC rules stipulate that a minimum of 0.025seconds or more time margin should be maintained between the primary/downstream fuse and the secondary/upstream/back-up fuse. Due to the topological and operational differences between the different types of WTGs interfacing technologies, the electrical generators design industry has divided wind turbine generators into four different types labeled as Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV. This paper presents a detailed study of the impacts brought upon by integrating wind turbine generators on a conventional Fuse-Fuse protection coordination scheme. A conventional Fuse-Fuse protection coordination scheme was modeled in Electrical Transients Analysis Program (ETAP) software and WTG with different interfacing technologies connected. A study of the impacts brought by the integration of the WTGs on Fuse-Fuse Miss-coordination was performed. IEEE 13 Node Radial Distribution Test Feeder was used for the study.

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Fuse-Fuse Protection Scheme ETAP Model for IEEE 13 Node Radial Test Distribution Feeder

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Reverse Power Flow Due to Solar Photovoltaic in the Low Voltage Network

Reverse Power Flow Due to Solar Photovoltaic in the Low Voltage Network

Impact of Reverse Power Flow on Distributed Transformers in a Solar-Photovoltaic-Integrated Low-Voltage Network

Impacts of Placement of Wind Turbine Generators with Different Interfacing Technologies on Radial Distribution Feeder Fuse-Fuse Protection Coordination Scheme.

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