Fusarium Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts

Ekwomadu, Theodora Ijeoma; Akinola, Stephen A.; Mwanza, Mulunda

doi:10.3390/ijerph182211741

Cited by 69 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The genus Fusarium is known to produce mycotoxins that are among the virulence factors and are chemically different. Trichothecenes, diacetoxyscirpenol, fumonisins, zearalenone, and moniliformin are the most important Fusarium mycotoxins [10]. These mycotoxins cause major risk to consumer health (neurological damage and are frequently associated with animal and human diseases), agriculture, and the food industry [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Sowing Date with Chickpea Genotypes in Managing Fusarium Wilt in Morocco

Elbouazaoui

Douira

Maafa³

et al. 2022

Agriculture

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Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.p ciceris (Foc) is a devastating soil-borne disease of the chickpea. The disease causes crop losses in late-planted chickpeas and no available management option currently exists to recommend to farmers. In order to determine the effect of integrating sowing dates with chickpea genotypes on disease parameters and yield, a field experiment was undertaken in naturally infested soil at Merchouch station during 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. The results showed that significant differences were observed among chickpea genotypes for the three disease parameters, and among sowing dates for final disease incidence. For seed yield, only the sowing dates showed significant differences and all interactions between factors were non-significant for all measured parameters. Late sowing showed high values for the three disease parameters. A high seed yield was obtained from early-planted compared to late-planted chickpeas. In conclusion, the integration of early sowing and chickpea genotypes with good levels of resistance can be recommended for farmers to increase chickpea productivity in Morocco.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Sowing Date with Chickpea Genotypes in Managing Fusarium Wilt in Morocco

Elbouazaoui

Douira

Maafa³

et al. 2022

Agriculture

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“…Presently, some Fusarium and rare Aspergillus metabolites are considered as an “emerging toxin” [ 44 ]. Those that occur most frequently are enniatins, beauvericin, apicidin, aurofusarin, culmorin, butenolide, fusaric acid, moniliformin, fusaproliferin, produced by Fusarium species, and emodin, 3-Nitropropionic acid, by Aspergillus species [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Species and Multi-Mycotoxin Associated with Post-Harvest Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Grain in Eastern Ethiopia

Mohammed

Bekeko

Yusufe

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Sorghum is the main staple food crop in developing countries, including Ethiopia. However, sorghum grain quantity and quality are affected by contaminating fungi both under field and post-harvest stage. The aim of the current study was to assessed fungal species and multi-mycotoxins associated with sorghum grain in post-harvest samples collected from eastern Ethiopia. Fungal genera of Aspergillus, Alternaria, Bipolaris, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, and Rhizoctonia were recovered in the infected grain. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) was used for quantification of multiple mycotoxins/fungal metabolites. Overall, 94 metabolites were detected and grouped into eight categories. All metabolites were detected either in one or more samples. Among major mycotoxins and derivatives, deoxynivalenol (137 μg/kg), zearalenone (121 μg/kg), ochratoxin A (115 μg/kg), and fumonisin B1 (112 μg/kg) were detected with maximum concentrations, while aflatoxin B1 had relatively lower concentrations (23.6 μg/kg). Different emerging mycotoxins were also detected, with tenuazonic acid (1515 μg/kg) occurring at the maximum concentration among Alternaria metabolites. Fusaric acid (2786 μg/kg) from Fusarium metabolites and kojic acid (4584 μg/kg) were detected with the maximum concentration among Fusarium and Aspergillus metabolites, respectively. Unspecific metabolites were recognized with neoechinulin A (1996 μg/kg) at the maximum concentration, followed by cyclo (L-Pro-L-Tyr) (574 μg/kg) and cyclo (L-Pro-L-Val) (410 μg/kg). Moreover, metabolites form other fungal genera and bacterial metabolites were also detected at varying levels. Apparently, the study revealed that sorghum grains collected across those districts were significantly contaminated with co-occurrences of several mycotoxins. Farmers should be the main target groups to be trained on the improved management of sorghum production.

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“…The obtained results specified that the secretome of BIONCL4 strain comprised the diversification of proteins and their prearranged actions against plant defense to infect and cause disease effectively. Fusarium can produce different types of mycotoxins, ZEA, TRI, FUM, MON, and BEA [ 41 , 42 ]. F. verticillioides is well known for FUM production, in which 16 genes are involved, which code for proteins that lead to FUM biosynthesis and regulation, such as regulatory proteins, enzymes, and transporter proteins [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly, Annotation, and Comparative Whole Genome Sequence of Fusarium verticillioides Isolated from Stored Maize Grains

Navale

Sawant

Gowda³

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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Fusarium verticillioides is a plant pathogenic fungus affecting a wide range of crops worldwide due to its toxigenic properties. F. verticillioides BIONCL4 strain was isolated from stored maize grain samples in India, and produces high amount of fumonisin B1 (FB1). We report a comparative genomic analysis of F. verticillioides, covering the basic genome information, secretome, and proteins involved in host–pathogen interactions and mycotoxin biosynthesis. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using the Illumina platform with an assembly size of 42.91 Mb, GC content of 48.24%, and 98.50% coverage with the reference genome (GCA000149555). It encodes 15,053 proteins, including 2058 secretory proteins, 676 classical secretory proteins, and 569 virulence and pathogenicity-related proteins. There were also 1447 genes linked to carbohydrate active enzymes (CaZymes) and 167 genes related to mycotoxin production. Furthermore, F. verticillioides genome comparison revealed information about the species’ evolutionary history. The overall study helps in disease prevention and management of mycotoxins to ensure food safety.

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Fusarium Mycotoxins, Their Metabolites (Free, Emerging, and Masked), Food Safety Concerns, and Health Impacts

Cited by 69 publications

References 108 publications

Integrating Sowing Date with Chickpea Genotypes in Managing Fusarium Wilt in Morocco

Integrating Sowing Date with Chickpea Genotypes in Managing Fusarium Wilt in Morocco

Fungal Species and Multi-Mycotoxin Associated with Post-Harvest Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Grain in Eastern Ethiopia

Assembly, Annotation, and Comparative Whole Genome Sequence of Fusarium verticillioides Isolated from Stored Maize Grains

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