Fusarium Mycotoxins and Their Role in Plant–Pathogen Interactions

Adam, Gerhard; Wiesenberger, Gerlinde; Güldener, Ulrich

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2531-5_10

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 229 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…While the molecular mechanisms of toxicity and the biological role of most secondary metabolites of F. graminearum remains largely unknown (Adam et al, 2015), its major mycotoxin DON has been characterized in more detail. DON is a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic protein biosynthesis by binding to the peptidyltransferase of the ribosome (Chain et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Isotope-Assisted Plant Metabolomics: Investigation of Phenylalanine-Related Metabolic Response in Wheat Upon Treatment With the Fusarium Virulence Factor Deoxynivalenol

et al. 2019

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The major Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a virulence factor in wheat and has also been shown to induce defense responses in host plant tissue. In this study, global and tracer labeling with 13C were combined to annotate the overall metabolome of wheat spikes and to evaluate the response of phenylalanine-related pathways upon treatment with DON. At anthesis, spikes of resistant and susceptible cultivars as well as two related near isogenic wheat lines (NILs) differing in the presence/absence of the major resistance QTL Fhb1 were treated with 1 mg DON or water (control), and samples were collected at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h after treatment (hat). A total of 172 Phe-derived wheat constituents were detected with our untargeted approach employing 13C-labeled phenylalanine and subsequently annotated as flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, benzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs), as well as peptides. Ninety-six hours after the DON treatment, up to 30% of the metabolites biosynthesized from Phe showed significantly increased levels compared to the control samples. Major metabolic changes included the formation of precursors of compounds implicated in cell wall reinforcement and presumed antifungal compounds. In addition, also dipeptides, which presumably are products of proteolytic degradation of truncated proteins generated in the presence of the toxin, were significantly more abundant upon DON treatment. An in-depth comparison of the two NILs with correlation clustering of time course profiles revealed some 70 DON-responsive Phe derivatives. While several flavonoids had constitutively different abundance levels between the two NILs differing in resistance, other Phe-derived metabolites such as HCAAs and hydroxycinnamoyl quinates were affected differently in the two NILs after treatment with DON. Our results suggest a strong activation of the general phenylpropanoid pathway and that coumaroyl-CoA is mainly diverted towards HCAAs in the presence of Fhb1, whereas the metabolic route to monolignol(-conjugates), lignans, and lignin seems to be favored in the absence of the Fhb1 resistance quantitative trait loci.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Isotope-Assisted Plant Metabolomics: Investigation of Phenylalanine-Related Metabolic Response in Wheat Upon Treatment With the Fusarium Virulence Factor Deoxynivalenol

et al. 2019

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“…Recent work shows that a fungal siderophore from the hemibiotroph Colletotrichum graminearum also activates plant immune responses (Albarouki et al, 2014 ). One hypothesis is that TAFC, an evolutionary optimized and conserved siderophore is recognized as a PAMP by host plants (Adam et al, 2015 ). Biosynthesis of a different type of extracellular siderophore might be an outcome of the host-pathogen evolutionary “arms” race, in the same way evolving/acquiring novel effectors is.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to NPS2 and NPS6 , we (and others) have noted that the genome of F. graminearum carries another NPS gene likely involved in siderophore biosynthesis (Oide et al, 2007 ; Tobiasen et al, 2007 ; Hansen et al, 2012 ; Adam et al, 2015 ; Sieber et al, 2014 ) NPS1 is an ortholog (Bushley et al, 2008 ) of A. nidulans sidC whose encoded NRPS accounts for ferricrocin synthesis in this species (Eisendle et al, 2006 ). Our previous attempt to identify the metabolite biosynthesized by Nps1 was unsuccessful, and phenotypic characterization of nps1 mutants failed to link Nps1 to iron metabolism (Oide et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and combined roles of malonichrome, ferricrocin, and TAFC siderophores in Fusarium graminearum pathogenic and sexual development

et al. 2015

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Intra- and extracellular iron-chelating siderophores produced by fungal non-ribosomal peptide synthetases have been shown to be involved in reproductive and pathogenic developmental processes and in iron and oxidative stress management. Here we report individual and combined contributions of three of these metabolites to developmental success of the destructive cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. In previous work, we determined that deletion of the NPS2 gene, responsible for intracellular siderophore biosynthesis, results in inability to produce sexual spores when mutants of this homothallic ascomycete are selfed. Deletion of the NPS6 gene, required for extracellular siderophore biosynthesis, does not affect sexual reproduction but results in sensitivity to iron starvation and oxidative stress and leads to reduced virulence to the host. Building on this, we report that double mutants lacking both NPS2 and NPS6 are augmented in all collective phenotypes of single deletion strains (i.e., abnormal sexual and pathogenic development, hypersensitivity to oxidative and iron-depletion stress), which suggests overlap of function. Using comparative biochemical analysis of wild-type and mutant strains, we show that NPS1, a third gene associated with siderophore biosynthesis, is responsible for biosynthesis of a second extracellular siderophore, malonichrome. nps1 mutants fail to produce this metabolite. Phenotypic characterization reveals that, although single nps1 mutants are like wild-type with respect to sexual development, hypersensitivity to ROS and iron-depletion stress, and virulence to the host, triple nps1nps2nps6 deletion strains, lacking all three siderophores, are even more impaired in these attributes than double nps2nps6 strains. Thus, combinatorial mutants lacking key iron-associated genes uncovered malonichrome function. The intimate connection between presence/absence of siderophores and resistance/sensitivity to ROS is central to sexual and pathogenic development.

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“…As other secondary metabolites, many mycotoxins play important roles in fungal pathogenicity [41,42]. The mycotoxin patulin is involved in the pathogenicity of another postharvest fungal pathogen P. expansum [43], which implies the putative role of tryptoquialanines in Pd pathogenicity.…”

Section: Mycotoxin During Pd Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus Postharvest Green Mold: Recent Advances in Fungal Pathogenicity and Fruit Resistance

et al. 2020

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As the major postharvest disease of citrus fruit, postharvest green mold is caused by the necrotrophic fungus Penicillium digitatum (Pd), which leads to huge economic losses worldwide. Fungicides are still the main method currently used to control postharvest green mold in citrus fruit storage. Investigating molecular mechanisms of plant–pathogen interactions, including pathogenicity and plant resistance, is crucial for developing novel and safer strategies for effectively controlling plant diseases. Despite fruit–pathogen interactions remaining relatively unexplored compared with well-studied leaf–pathogen interactions, progress has occurred in the citrus fruit–Pd interaction in recent years, mainly due to their genome sequencing and establishment or optimization of their genetic transformation systems. Recent advances in Pd pathogenicity on citrus fruit and fruit resistance against Pd infection are summarized in this review.

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Fusarium Mycotoxins and Their Role in Plant–Pathogen Interactions

Cited by 11 publications

References 229 publications

Stable Isotope-Assisted Plant Metabolomics: Investigation of Phenylalanine-Related Metabolic Response in Wheat Upon Treatment With the Fusarium Virulence Factor Deoxynivalenol

Stable Isotope-Assisted Plant Metabolomics: Investigation of Phenylalanine-Related Metabolic Response in Wheat Upon Treatment With the Fusarium Virulence Factor Deoxynivalenol

Individual and combined roles of malonichrome, ferricrocin, and TAFC siderophores in Fusarium graminearum pathogenic and sexual development

Citrus Postharvest Green Mold: Recent Advances in Fungal Pathogenicity and Fruit Resistance

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