Fusarium mycotoxin content of UK organic and conventional oats

Edwards, Simon

doi:10.1080/02652030902788953

Cited by 178 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This is in accordance to other studies (Bernhoft et al, 2010;Edwards, 2009;Fredlund et al, 2010), and may indicate that the HT-2 and T-2 producers have different environmental requirements and/or epidemiology than the DON producers (Edwards, 2009;Xu et al, 2014). Based on the inverse relationship detected between HT-2 and DON in UK oats, Edwards (2009) suggested a mutual exclusion between DON and HT-2 producers.…”

Section: Fusarium Langsethiae and Associated Mycotoxinssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Somewhat higher median values were detected in Norwegian oats in 2010-2012 (Uhlig et al, 2013). In contrast, the concentrations measured in our study were far below the median values reported for HT-2 and T-2 in UK oats (Edwards, 2009). We detected a sum of HT-2 + T-2 above the indicative level (1000 µg/kg) set by the European Commission (EC, 2013) in 6% of the oat samples, which is a higher quantity than reported for Swedish oats from the 2010 and 2011 harvest (Fredlund et al, 2013).…”

Section: Fusarium Langsethiae and Associated Mycotoxinscontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…However, the more toxic trichothecenes T-2 and HT-2 toxin (T-2 and HT-2) are also often recorded, particularly in barley and oats (Aamot et al, 2013;Bernhoft et al, 2010;Langseth et al, 1999). A poor association is often observed between the concentration of HT-2 + T-2 and DON in oats (Bernhoft et al, 2010;Edwards, 2009;Fredlund et al, 2010), which may indicate that the HT-2 and T-2 producers have different environmental requirements and/or epidemiology than the DON producers (Edwards, 2009;Xu et al, 2014). In addition to the above mentioned trichothecenes, Fusarium toxins such as zearalenone (ZEA), moniliformin (MON), enniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) are also frequently detected in Norwegian grains (Bernhoft et al, 2010;Uhlig et al, 2004Uhlig et al, , 2006Uhlig et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations betweenFusarium species and mycotoxins in oats and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period

Hofgaard

Aamot

Torp

et al. 2016

WMJ

104

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During the last ten years, Norwegian cereal grain industry has experienced large challenges due to Fusarium spp. and Fusarium mycotoxin contamination of small-grained cereals. To prevent severely contaminated grain lots from entering the grain supply chain, it is important to establish surveys for the most prevalent Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins. The objective of our study was to quantify and calculate the associations between Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins prevalent in oats and spring wheat. In a 6-year period from 2004-2009, 178 grain samples of spring wheat and 289 samples of oats were collected from farmers' fields in South East Norway. The grains were analysed for 18 different Fusarium-mycotoxins by liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry. Generally, the median mycotoxin levels were higher than reported in Norwegian studies covering previous years. The DNA content of Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium langsethiae, Fusarium poae and Fusarium avenaceum were determined by quantitative PCR. We identified F. graminearum as the main deoxynivalenol (DON) producer in oats and spring wheat, and F. langsethiae as the main HT-2 and T-2-toxins producer in oats. No association was observed between quantity of F. graminearum DNA and quantity of F. langsethiae DNA nor for their respective mycotoxins, in oats. F. avenaceum was one of the most prevalent Fusarium species in both oats and spring wheat. The following ranking of Fusarium species was made based on the DNA concentrations of the Fusarium spp. analysed in this survey (from high to low): F. graminearum = F. langsethiae = F. avenaceum > F. poae > F. culmorum (oats); F. graminearum = F. avenaceum > F. culmorum > F. poae = F. langsethiae (spring wheat). Our results are in agreement with recently published data indicating a shift in the relative prevalence of Fusarium species towards more F. graminearum versus F. culmorum in Norwegian oats and spring wheat.

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Section: Fusarium Langsethiae and Associated Mycotoxinssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Fusarium Langsethiae and Associated Mycotoxinscontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations betweenFusarium species and mycotoxins in oats and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period

Hofgaard

Aamot

Torp

et al. 2016

WMJ

104

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“…High levels of the mycotoxins HT-2 and T-2 produced by F. langsethiae have been monitored in U.K. and Norwegian oats (Edwards 2007;Hofgaard et al 2016a). However, the relationship between weather and accumulation of HT-2 and T-2, is reported to differ greatly to those observed to correlate well with DON accumulation (Xu et al 2014), and no positive association has been detected between the concentration of HT-2 and T-2 with DON, or between the species that produce HT-2 and T-2 in oats (Hofgaard et al 2016a;Fredlund et al 2013;Edwards 2009). Consequently, the models developed in this study will not be useful to predict the risk of elevated levels of HT-2 and T-2 in oat.…”

Section: Summarizing Comments On the Relationship Between Weather Conmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In addition, DON is also detected in oats from Switzerland (Schirdewahn et al 2016), Canada (Tamburic-Ilincic 2010) and the U.K. (Edwards 2009). The models developed in this study to predict the risk of elevated DONlevels in spring oats, were developed and validated for Norwegian weather conditions only.…”

Section: Summarizing Comments On the Relationship Between Weather Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

DON content in oat grains in Norway related to weather conditions at different growth stages

et al. 2016

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High concentrations of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Fusarium graminearum have occurred frequently in Norwegian oats recently. Early prediction of DON levels is important for farmers, authorities and the Cereal Industry. In this study, the main weather factors influencing mycotoxin accumulation were identified and two models to predict the risk of DON in oat grains in Norway were developed: (1) as a warning system for farmers to decide if and when to treat with fungicide, and (2) for authorities and industry to use at harvest to identify potential food safety problems. Oat grain samples from farmers' fields were collected together with weather data (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013).A mathematical model was developed and used to estimate phenology windows of growth stages in oats (tillering, flowering etc.). Weather summarisations were then calculated within these windows, and the Spearman rank correlation factor calculated between DONcontamination in oats at harvest and the weather summarisations for each phenological window. DON contamination was most clearly associated with the weather conditions around flowering and close to harvest. Warm, rainy and humid weather during and around flowering increased the risk of DON accumulation in oats, as did dry periods during germination/seedling growth and tillering. Prior to harvest, warm and humid weather conditions followed by cool and dry conditions were associated with a decreased risk of DON accumulation. A prediction model, including only pre-flowering weather conditions, adequately forecasted risk of DON contamination in oat, and can aid in decisions about fungicide treatments.

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Cereal Grains

2011

Organic Production and Food Quality

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Fusarium mycotoxin content of UK organic and conventional oats

Cited by 178 publications

References 18 publications

Associations betweenFusarium species and mycotoxins in oats and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period

Associations betweenFusarium species and mycotoxins in oats and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period

DON content in oat grains in Norway related to weather conditions at different growth stages

Cereal Grains

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