Fusarium Head Blight of Cereals in Denmark: Species Complex and Related Mycotoxins

Nielsen, Linda Kærgaard; Jensen, J.; Nielsen, Ghita Cordsen; Jensen, Jens Erik; Spliid, Niels Henrik; Thomsen, Ingrid K.; Justesen, Annemarie Fejer; Collinge, David B.; Jørgensen, Lise Nistrup

doi:10.1094/phyto-07-10-0188

Cited by 161 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, long distance dispersal of viable F. graminearum spores is possible (MaldonadoRamirez et al 2005;Schmale et al 2012). We speculate whether the increased prevalence of FGSC observed in several European countries (Chandelier et al 2011;Jennings et al 2004;Stępień et al 2008;Waalwijk et al 2003) including the Nordic countries (Bernhoft et al 2010;Fredlund et al 2008;Nielsen et al 2011;YliMattila 2010) may have facilitated the introduction of the 15-DON genotypes into new areas like Norway and Denmark. As such, the prevalence of 15-ADON genotypes and associated mycotoxin levels in Norwegian cereals should be monitored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…infection levels in cereal seeds, as well as the increased levels of trichothecene contamination in cereal grains, observed in Norway in recent years (Bernhoft et al 2013). During the same period, members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) have become more prevalent in several European countries (Chandelier et al 2011;Jennings et al 2004;Stępień et al 2008;Waalwijk et al 2003) including the Nordic countries (Bernhoft et al 2010;Fredlund et al 2008;Nielsen et al 2011;Yli-Mattila 2010), partly replacing other Fusarium species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and phenotypic diversity within the Fusarium graminearum species complex in Norway

et al. 2015

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As has been observed in several European countries, the frequency of Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) has increased in Norwegian cereals in recent years, resulting in elevated levels of deoxynivalenol in cereal grains. The objective of this study was to determine if this increase was associated with changes in FGSC composition within Norway. FGSC isolates collected from wheat, oats and barley in Norway during two periods, mainly 1993-1998 and 2004-2007, were characterized to determine species and trichothecene genotype composition and to assess levels of genetic variation and population structure. In vitro growth rates at different temperatures and aggressiveness in spring wheat were further characterized for a sub-selection of isolates. All Norwegian isolates were identified as F. graminearum. The 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) trichothecene type was dominant. However, isolates with the 15-ADON chemotype were detected in Norway for the first time and may represent a recent introduction of this trichothecene type. Bayesian-model based clustering and analyses of genetic differentiation indicated the persistence over the last 20 years of two sympatric and partially admixed populations of F. graminearum in Norway. Significant differences in average in vitro growth rates and aggressiveness were observed between these two populations. Our results demonstrate that the recent increase in prevalence of the FGSC in Norwegian cereals do not correspond to any dramatic changes in FGSC species or trichothecene chemotype composition. However, significant changes in population frequencies were observed among Norwegian F. graminearum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and phenotypic diversity within the Fusarium graminearum species complex in Norway

et al. 2015

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“…Likewise, reports from several other European countries indicate an increased prevalence of F. graminearum during the most of the last twenty years (Fredlund et al, 2008;Nielsen et al, 2011;Waalwijk et al, 2004;Xu et al, 2005). This is in contrast to studies performed during the 1990's where F. culmorum generally was regarded as the main DON producer in Norwegian cereals, and F. graminearum was registered at low frequencies (Henriksen and Elen, 2005;Kosiak et al, 2003).…”

Section: Fusarium Graminearum Fusarium Culmorum and Associated Mycotmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In 2002, an increased prevalence of F. graminearum was registered in Norwegian grains of barley, oats and wheat (Bernhoft et al, 2010). This seems to be the trend in other European countries as well (Fredlund et al, 2013;Nielsen et al, 2011;Waalwijk et al, 2003;Xu et al, 2005). During the last ten years, Norwegian cereal grain industry has experienced large challenges due to Fusarium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Associations betweenFusarium species and mycotoxins in oats and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period

Hofgaard

Aamot

Torp

et al. 2016

WMJ

110

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During the last ten years, Norwegian cereal grain industry has experienced large challenges due to Fusarium spp. and Fusarium mycotoxin contamination of small-grained cereals. To prevent severely contaminated grain lots from entering the grain supply chain, it is important to establish surveys for the most prevalent Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins. The objective of our study was to quantify and calculate the associations between Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins prevalent in oats and spring wheat. In a 6-year period from 2004-2009, 178 grain samples of spring wheat and 289 samples of oats were collected from farmers' fields in South East Norway. The grains were analysed for 18 different Fusarium-mycotoxins by liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry. Generally, the median mycotoxin levels were higher than reported in Norwegian studies covering previous years. The DNA content of Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium langsethiae, Fusarium poae and Fusarium avenaceum were determined by quantitative PCR. We identified F. graminearum as the main deoxynivalenol (DON) producer in oats and spring wheat, and F. langsethiae as the main HT-2 and T-2-toxins producer in oats. No association was observed between quantity of F. graminearum DNA and quantity of F. langsethiae DNA nor for their respective mycotoxins, in oats. F. avenaceum was one of the most prevalent Fusarium species in both oats and spring wheat. The following ranking of Fusarium species was made based on the DNA concentrations of the Fusarium spp. analysed in this survey (from high to low): F. graminearum = F. langsethiae = F. avenaceum > F. poae > F. culmorum (oats); F. graminearum = F. avenaceum > F. culmorum > F. poae = F. langsethiae (spring wheat). Our results are in agreement with recently published data indicating a shift in the relative prevalence of Fusarium species towards more F. graminearum versus F. culmorum in Norwegian oats and spring wheat.

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“…It has been reported that these fungi have occurred in >90% of grain samples in Denmark over the years [23]. Previously, only M. nivale was recognized as a wheat pathogen, but the latest findings have also revealed the pathogenicity of M. majus [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What influences the composition of fungi in wheat grains?

et al. 2017

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Wheat grains are inhabited by different fungi, including plant pathogens and fungi -mycotoxin producers. The composition of seed mycobiota can be influenced by different factors, including agronomic practices, but the results are still contradictory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mycobiota of wheat grains depending on agroecological conditions. Wheat grains were obtained from a two-factorial field trial: A -tillage system (A1 -ploughing at a depth of 22-24 cm; A2 -harrowing at a depth of up to 10 cm); B -crop rotation (B1 -continuous wheat; B2 -oilseed rape and wheat; B3 -crop rotation). The mycobiota of grain were determined by mycological and molecular methods. The most abundant and widespread of the mycobiota were Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Alternaria spp., Arthrinium spp., and Fusarium avenaceum. Higher amounts of precipitation increased the infection of grains with Fusarium fungi. Seven species of Fusarium were identified in the grain samples: F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. acuminatum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. tricinctum. The soil tillage method and crop rotation did not influence the total incidence of Fusarium spp., but the abundance of a particular species differed depending on agronomic practice. The research suggests that continuous wheat sowing under conditions of reduced soil tillage can increase the level of risk of grain infection with F. graminearum and, consequently, the accumulation of mycotoxins.

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Fusarium Head Blight of Cereals in Denmark: Species Complex and Related Mycotoxins

Cited by 161 publications

References 33 publications

Genetic and phenotypic diversity within the Fusarium graminearum species complex in Norway

Genetic and phenotypic diversity within the Fusarium graminearum species complex in Norway

Associations betweenFusarium species and mycotoxins in oats and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period

What influences the composition of fungi in wheat grains?

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