Furunculosis Due to
            <i>Mycobacterium mageritense</i>
            Associated with Footbaths at a Nail Salon

Gira, Amy K.; Reisenauer, Amy H.; Hammock, Lauren; Nadiminti, Uma; Macy, Jonathan T.; Reeves, Ariane; Burnett, Cindy; Yakrus, Mitchell A.; Toney, Sean; Jensen, Bette; Blumberg, Henry M.; Caughman, S. Wright; Nolte, Frederick S.

doi:10.1128/jcm.42.4.1813-1817.2004

Cited by 84 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…There have been few reports about skin or soft tissue infections, especially surgical site infection, due to M. mageritense [2][3][4][5]. Here we report the first case of successful treatment of surgical site infection due to M. mageritense without removing the implanted mesh patch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Surgical Site Infection due To Mycobacterium mageritense and Literature Review

Ogawa

Ito²,

Nakano³

et al. 2016

J Infect Dis Ther

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Surgical site infection due to Mycobacterium mageritense is reported in an 85-year-old Japanese woman. In this patient, a mesh patch was inserted to close a ventral hernia and surgical site infection occurred 7 days postoperatively. The isolate was confirmed to be Mycobacterium mageritense by analysis of the 16S rRNA and rpoB genes. The infection was successfully treated with negative pressure wound therapy and long-term antibiotics without removal of the mesh patch.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Surgical Site Infection due To Mycobacterium mageritense and Literature Review

Ogawa

Ito²,

Nakano³

et al. 2016

J Infect Dis Ther

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“…Given that isolates of M. mageritense have growth, biochemical, and drug susceptibility patterns of the M. fortuitum third biovariant complex, it has been postulated that M. mageritense might actually be a new taxon within the M. fortuitum third biovariant complex (2). Even though M. mageritense is a low-virulence organism usually not associated with clinical disease, this case illustrates the pathogenic potential of this organism in patients with longterm indwelling catheters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Caused by Mycobacterium mageritense

2007

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ᰔMycobacterium mageritense is an uncommon cause of catheter-related bacteremia (1, 4).We report a 26-year-old pregnant woman who presented with fever for 3 weeks. A tunneled central venous catheter (CVC) had been placed due to hyperemesis. The patient did not have any immunocompromised conditions. Blood cultures were performed by use of BACTEC Aerobic Plus and Anaerobic Lytic. Anaerobic cultures from both the central line and a peripheral site showed beaded gram-positive rods. The time to detection was 103 h. A modified acid-fast stain was highly suggestive of a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) which was identified as Mycobacterium mageritense by DNA sequencing. Susceptibility studies performed by a broth dilution MIC method showed the organism to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin (MIC, 0.5 g/ml) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT) (MIC, 0.5 and 9.5 g/ml, respectively) and resistant to amikacin (MIC, 128 g/ml) and clarithromycin (MIC, Ͼ64 g/ml). The breakpoints were determined according to standards of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Intravenous TMP-SXT was initiated. The catheter was removed 1 week later, and the tip was cultured using the roll plate technique on sheep blood agar. No growth was observed after 5 days of incubation. The patient was treated for 2 weeks with intravenous TMP-SXT, with complete resolution of her symptoms.To our knowledge, this is the second reported case in the literature of a CVC-related bloodstream infection due to Mycobacterium mageritense. The first reported case occurred in a 32-year-old immunocompromised woman who was treated with linezolid and amikacin.Clinical disease produced by M. mageritense is uncommon and ranges from skin and soft tissue infection to health careassociated infections (4). It is a nonpigmented, rapidly growing mycobacterium, closely resembling the M. fortuitum third biovariant complex (2, 4). The source of M. mageritense in our case remains unclear.Although bloodstream infection with NTM usually occurs in immunocompromised patients with CVC, our case occurred in a patient with no immunocompromised state. The catheter tip did not grow the organism, which may be due to the patient's prior antimicrobial therapy. Also, since this catheter was cultured using the roll plate technique (which detects only extraluminal colonization), intraluminal colonization, frequently seen with long-term catheters, was not detected. CVC infection is documented with a positive catheter tip in only 15 to 25% of cases with presumptive CVC-related infection. There are no treatment guidelines for NTM bloodstream infections.The decision to remove the catheter from our patient was based on previously reported cases of M. fortuitum bacteremia in which a high relapse rate was seen if catheters were not removed (3).The susceptibility pattern of this isolate of M. mageritense resembles that of the M. fortuitum group. Given that isolates of M. mageritense have growth, biochemical, and drug susceptibility patterns of the M. fortuitum third biovariant complex, i...

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“…abscessus, M. gilvum, M. gordonae, and M. mageritense have been associated with municipal water supplies (7,9,12). In a recent report, furunculosis, caused by M. mageritense, was also linked to the water supply of a salon where two women received footbaths (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NTM have generally been associated with soil and water, and while many of them are considered to be nonpathogenic, an increasing number are being reported as opportunistic pathogens (3,5,16). This growing number of atypical pathogenic mycobacteria includes M. abscessus (8), M. chelonae (10), M. fortuitum (16,27), M. gordonae (19), M. mageritense (9), and M. xenopi (5). Several NTM constitute a risk not only to immunosuppressed persons but also to otherwise healthy persons (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Nontuberculoid Mycobacterium Species in Biofilms of Urban and Semiurban Drinking Water Distribution Systems

September

Brözel

Venter

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous and have been isolated from a variety of environmental sources, including water. Various NTM were isolated from biofilms in drinking water distribution systems in two urban and two semiurban areas in South Africa. Most of the isolates belonged to opportunistic pathogenic species of the NTM group, but none belonged to the Mycobacterium avium complex.The genus Mycobacterium comprises both the strictly pathogenic species that are transmitted by human or animal reservoirs only (M. tuberculosis, M. leprae) and the so-called nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) (3,13,14). The NTM have generally been associated with soil and water, and while many of them are considered to be nonpathogenic, an increasing number are being reported as opportunistic pathogens (3,5,16). This growing number of atypical pathogenic mycobacteria includes M. abscessus (8), M. chelonae (10), M. fortuitum (16,27), M. gordonae (19), M. mageritense (9), and M. xenopi (5). Several NTM constitute a risk not only to immunosuppressed persons but also to otherwise healthy persons (10). They can cause pulmonary and cutaneous diseases, lymphadenitis, and other infections (14).M. abscessus, M. gilvum, M. gordonae, and M. mageritense have been associated with municipal water supplies (7,9,12). In a recent report, furunculosis, caused by M. mageritense, was also linked to the water supply of a salon where two women received footbaths (9). In another report, cervical lymphadenitis in children below 2 years of age has been linked with mycobacteria in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia (21). These infections were linked to the prevalence of M. avium and M. scrofulaceum in water (21). There are also reports that NTM can be present in aerosols, such as at swimming pools and spas, of water that may contain mycobacteria and that individuals exposed to the aerosols for extended periods are more at risk of contracting an infection (6). In the United States alone, over a million workers are exposed to aerosols generated by metal grinding, and exposure to such aerosols can lead to hypersensitivity, pneumonitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (6, 21).NTM are tolerant to a much wider pH and temperature range than are most other bacterial pathogens detected in municipal water supplies. They are also generally tolerant to chlorine, making them potentially more difficult to eliminate (12, 13). Adding to this is their ability to form biofilms on surfaces in drinking water distribution systems (12, 24). The growth of NTM in biofilms may lead to dissemination into the bulk water, constituting a risk to consumers both by drinking and by inhalation of aerosols though showering and swimming.NTM can form biofilms under low-nutrient conditions, making surfaces of drinking water distribution systems an environment for their growth and possible dissemination (12). The aim of this study was to determine the presence and diversity of NTM in biofilms in drinking water distribution systems by analyzing samples from...

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Furunculosis Due to Mycobacterium mageritense Associated with Footbaths at a Nail Salon

Cited by 84 publications

References 13 publications

Surgical Site Infection due To Mycobacterium mageritense and Literature Review

Surgical Site Infection due To Mycobacterium mageritense and Literature Review

Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Caused by Mycobacterium mageritense

Diversity of Nontuberculoid Mycobacterium Species in Biofilms of Urban and Semiurban Drinking Water Distribution Systems

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