Furthering the understanding of the non linear response of filler reinforced elastomers

Böhm, G.; Tomaszewski, Waldemar; Cole, W. F.; Hogan, T. E.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2010.01.047

Cited by 57 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As mentioned in the Introduction, nanofillers are known to promote a remarkable Payne effect [12]. Several models have been developed in order to explain such an effect on the basis of two main interpretations: the first one, related to the filler networking concept, assumes an agglomeration-deagglomeration process of the filler network above the filler percolation threshold [12,[32][33][34], the second one, related to filler-matrix interaction, assumes matrix-filler bonding and debonding mechanisms [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. It is not within the scope of this work to discuss the physical mechanisms occurring in the composites.…”

Section: Mechanical Characterization and Data Elaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects between carbon allotrope fillers on the mechanical reinforcement of polyisoprene based nanocomposites

Agnelli¹,

Cipolletti²,

Musto³

et al. 2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Interactive effects of carbon allotropes on the mechanical reinforcement of polymer nanocomposites were investigated. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nano-graphite with high shape anisotropy (nanoG) were melt blended with poly(1,4-cis-isoprene), as the only fillers or in combination with carbon black (CB), measuring the shear modulus at low strain amplitudes for peroxide crosslinked composites. The nanofiller was found to increase the low amplitude storage modulus of the matrix, with or without CB, by a factor depending on nanofiller type and content. This factor, fingerprint of the nanofiller, was higher for CNT than for nanoG. The filler-polymer interfacial area was able to correlate modulus data of composites with CNT, CB and with the hybrid filler system, leading to the construction of a common master curve.

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Section: Mechanical Characterization and Data Elaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects between carbon allotrope fillers on the mechanical reinforcement of polyisoprene based nanocomposites

Agnelli¹,

Cipolletti²,

Musto³

et al. 2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…It was noted that the majority of the filler network develops when the mixed rubber is annealed at elevated temperatures, such as during the initial portion of the cure process when the polymer is not yet fully crosslinked. This is often called filler flocculation, and this phenomenon is well documented in particle‐reinforced elastomer compounds . Known technological approaches for suppressing the filler flocculation process include introducing various silanes in silica‐filled rubber or using modified polymers which have functional groups designed for surface reaction/interaction with carbon black, silica, or other nanoparticles …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear‐nonlinear dichotomy of the rheological response of particle‐filled polymers

Randall

Robertson

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Novel nanoparticles, polymer-particle coupling agents, and functionalized polymers are being developed to enhance the performance of particle-reinforced polymer systems such as advanced rubber compounds for automobile tires. Understanding the complex rheological behavior of rubber is critical to providing insights into both processability and end-use properties. One unique aspect of the rheology of filled elastomers is that the incorporation of particles introduces a hysteretic softening (Payne effect) at small dynamic strains. This study demonstrates that this nonlinear viscoelastic behavior needs to be considered when attempting to correlate steady shear response (Mooney viscosity) to oscillatory shear measurements from test equipment such as the Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA). While a wide array of unfilled gum elastomers show good correlation between Mooney viscosity and dynamic torque from the RPA at all of the strain amplitudes used, rubber compounds containing silica and carbon black particles only exhibit good agreement between the two measures of processability when the oscillatory strain amplitude is high enough to sufficiently break up the filler network. Other features of the filler network and its influence on nonlinear rheology are considered in this investigation, including the effects of polymer-filler interactions on filler flocculation and the use of Fourier transform rheometry to illustrate the "linear-nonlinear dichotomy" of the Payne effect.

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“…By subtracting the depth of nano-indentation at times between 50 and 200 seconds between the asreceived and the corresponding annealed sample, the results reported in Table 4 are obtained, which further clarify the trend observed above. In particular, the rubber matrix does not appear to depart from linearity for high times of loading, as it would have probably be the case for higher filler contents [31]. In addition, annealing at temperatures exceeding the XSBR critical temperature (glass transition of the styrene phase) does result in an easier cracking of the matrix after annealing (Figure 3), an effect which appears mitigated nevertheless by the introduction of progressively growing amounts of crab chitin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mechanical and thermal properties of crab chitin reinforced carboxylated SBR composites

Visakh¹,

Monti²,

Puglia³

et al. 2012

Express Polym. Lett.

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The addition of small amounts (up to 9 wt%) of chitin microsized particles, originating from shellfish waste, to carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (XSBR) matrix (as received and annealed to 100°C) has been studied. In particular, this study concentrated on their mechanical (creep investigation by nanoindentation and dynamical-mechanical analysis), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry) and swelling behaviour (toluene absorption) and was completed by morphological characterisation by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results show that annealing has a limited effect on materials properties, effects which are further reduced by the addition of growing amounts of crab chitin. It should be noted that the limited filler content used in the study does not substantially modify the linear creep behaviour of XSBR for sufficiently long loading times. The thermal stability of the system does also appear to be preserved even with the maximum chitin content added, while it serves sufficiently as an effective barrier against aromatic solvent absorption. © BME-PT

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Furthering the understanding of the non linear response of filler reinforced elastomers

Cited by 57 publications

References 19 publications

Interactive effects between carbon allotrope fillers on the mechanical reinforcement of polyisoprene based nanocomposites

Interactive effects between carbon allotrope fillers on the mechanical reinforcement of polyisoprene based nanocomposites

Linear‐nonlinear dichotomy of the rheological response of particle‐filled polymers

Mechanical and thermal properties of crab chitin reinforced carboxylated SBR composites

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