Further verification of some postulates of the combined toxicity theory: New animal experimental data on separate and joint adverse effects of lead and cadmium

Manifestation of Systemic Toxicity in Rats after a Short-Time Inhalation of Lead Oxide Nanoparticles

“…Turning back to the hematological features of lead intoxication, only some of the white blood indices revealed a noticeable, although statistically insignificant increase. These shifts are also noteworthy because they are fairly typical of experimental lead intoxications and, in some studies, were even more substantial than in the present one and statistically significant at that (e.g., [20][21][22][23][24]).…”

“…At the same time, both studies had a common feature, a lowered isoelectric ECG line in the second lead, which can point to some impairment of the myocardium or, at least, metabolic disturbances in it. Such disturbances were indeed revealed in the hearts of rats suffering subchronic lead intoxication [24]. Transmission electron microscopy of the lung tissue revealed nanoparticles in the cytoplasm of type 1 and type 2 alveolocytes (Figures 1 and 2).…”

“…The natural assumption that this arterial hypertension was caused by increased systemic resistance to blood flow is in agreement with the decelerated blood flow and decreased blood volume. It is important to note that we had also discovered that all these shifts under subchronic intoxication were caused by intraperitoneal injections of lead acetate [24] but, to the best of our knowledge, nobody had previously estimated hemodynamic parameters under PbO-NP exposure of any kind. It should be noted that many of the epidemiological studies have provided evidence of a cause-response relationship between human exposure to lead and the prevalence of arterial hypertension [25][26][27][28][29].…”

“…Therefore, the evidence obtained by us for the first time ever that even a very moderate intoxication caused by exposure to PbO nanoaerosol provokes shifts of a hypertensive type cannot be ignored. Table 5 presents ECG analysis results obtained in two standard leads, and it is worthwhile to compare them with the data of our ECG study under subchronic lead acetate intoxication [24]. Whereas in the latter we observed elongation of the majority of the interwave intervals pointing to the slowing of the heart rate, in the current experiment, changes in the ECG intervals in the absence of bradycardia were of different types, with the only shift that was statistically significant being of opposite sign (QRS shortening).…”

Some outcomes and a hypothetical mechanism of combined lead and benzo(a)pyrene intoxication, and its alleviation with a complex of bioprotectors

“…The problem of combined toxicity pertains to the theoretically most complex and practically important challenges in preventive toxicology [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] ]. Over a number of years, it has been a subject of extensive studies for our research team [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ]. One of the least studied aspects of this problem is the possibility that inorganic toxicants (lead compounds in particular) may have some effect on the biotransformation of organic ones and thus on their toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics.…”