Further Understanding of Metabolic Processes for Crop Improvement – An Integrated Approach with Reference to Deprived and Developed Countries

Abstract

Food deficiency, particularly protein-calorie malnutrition is a concern in many countries in Africa and Asia. An exhaustive survey of recent research efforts to alleviate the problem has been made. A due appraisal of the existing information has been given. Appraisal and critical analysis of the existing information has been discussed with reference to: techniques and methodology employed to understand and manipulate metabolism; interrelationships between different nutrient sources, translocation of water and nutrients and utilization by different sinks; biochemical composition of seeds; seed storage protein fractions; amino acid deficiencies and human nutrition; inorganic nitrogen assimilation; symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation; ammonia assimilation; amide versus ureide transport; composition of xylem and phloem saps; biochemical changes during leaf senescence; metabolic reworking of amino acids; cell division and cell expansion during seed development; determinate and indeterminate cultivars; crop performance under varying cultural and environmental conditions; harvest index; yield compensatory mechanisms; combining conventional and modern approaches and complementation of agriculture with animal husbandry. Based on the existing data, possible ways of future planning have been highlighted. Need for public and national awareness has been emphasized with respect to assessing priorities of nutritional needs; resorting to complementary/supplementary food items; recommended daily dietary requirements; increased utilization of land towards agriculture and /or animal husbandry and the need for international aid.